A survey on privacy protection in blockchain system

Feng, Qi; He, Debiao; Zeadally, Sherali; Khan, Muhammad Khurram; Kumar, Neeraj

doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2018.10.020

Cited by 646 publications

(335 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We find publications that are motivated by the upward trend of Blockchain's use, advocate the use of it in education [19]. However, there are studies based on the very foundations of Blockchain that question it as a private and secure technology [20][21][22][23][24]. All of them repeat a series of security flaws that can be included in different categories: Identity filtering, Lack of transactional privacy, Private Key insecurity, Vulnerabilities in Smart Contracts, Discovery of user identities and Quantum computing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Personal Data Broker Instead of Blockchain for Students’ Data Privacy Assurance

Fonseca

Alier

García-Peñalvo

et al. 2019

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

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Data logs about learning activities are being recorded at a growing pace due to the adoption and evolution of educational technologies (Edtech). Data analytics has entered the field of education under the name of learning analytics. Data analytics can provide insights that can be used to enhance learning activities for educational stakeholders, as well as helping online learning applications providers to enhance their services. However, despite the goodwill in the use of Edtech, some service providers use it as a means to collect private data about the students for their own interests and benefits. This is showcased in recent cases seen in media of bad use of students' personal information. This growth in cases is due to the recent tightening in data privacy regulations, especially in the EU. The students or their parents should be the owners of the information about them and their learning activities online. Thus they should have the right tools to control how their information is accessed and for what purposes. Currently, there is no technological solution to prevent leaks or the misuse of data about the students or their activity. It seems appropriate to try to solve it from an automation technology perspective. In this paper, we consider the use of Blockchain technologies as a possible basis for a solution to this problem. Our analysis indicates that the Blockchain is not a suitable solution. Finally, we propose a cloud-based solution with a central personal point of management that we have called Personal Data Broker.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Personal Data Broker Instead of Blockchain for Students’ Data Privacy Assurance

Fonseca

Alier

García-Peñalvo

et al. 2019

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this regard, blockchain has emerged as one of the most prominent technique to meet the security requirements of the system in an effective way [6,7]. One of the most popular examples where blockchain has been primarily used for providing the security is the exchange of crypto-currency known as Bitcoin [8].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

SURVIVOR: A blockchain based edge-as-a-service framework for secure energy trading in SDN-enabled vehicle-to-grid environment

2019

Self Cite

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Electric vehicles (EVs) have transformed the smart transportation sector by providing diverse energy management solutions to the smart grid. Energy trading among EVs and charging stations (CS) in a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) environment is one of the popular verticals in smart grid. However, processing the energy trading decisions at remote control centers lead to an increase in delay and network overhead. Apart from these issues, the security concerns while trading the energy in such an environment remain persistent. Therefore, to handle the aforementioned issues, this paper presents SURVIVOR: A Blockchain based Edge-as-a-Service Framework for Secure Energy Trading in software defined networking (SDN)-enabled V2G Environment. In the proposed framework, the energy trading decisions are processed closer to the location of EVs through edge nodes. Moreover, for securing the energy trading transactions, blockchain is used wherein the approver nodes are selected amongst all the present nodes on the basis of a utility function and are made responsible for validating the transactions. Once such nodes are selected, a consensus-based blockchain mechanism for secure energy trading in SDN-enabled V2G environment is presented. In this mechanism, edge nodes are responsible for generating proof-of-work puzzles. The proof-of-work is * Corresponding Author a unique hash value which is computed for each EV and the transactions for which the approver nodes compute the same proof-of-work for each EV are added in the blockchain. The complete scheme is backed by the SDN architecture to reduce the overall latency and increase the throughput of the smart transportation network. The results obtained prove that the proposed scheme is effective for trading the energy between EVs and CS while securing the underlying trading transactions using blockchain. Moreover, the communication and computation cost of the proposed scheme comes out to be small which proves that it can be used in real-world applications. The latency in the complete transportation sector is also greatly reduced by using the SDN-architecture.

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“…While there has been a lot of attention towards the blockchain technology, there are relatively few surveys conducted in this area. These survyes can be classified into one of the 3 categories: 1) applications [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], 2) privacy issues and security threats [14][15][16], and 3) consensus protocols [1,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Related Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning security threats and privacy issues, Li et al [14] investigated different threats such as double spending, 51% attack, private key security, vulnerable and malicious activities, and data privacy in the blockchain network. Feng et al [15] reviewed the different privacy threats and provided a taxonomy of existing cryptographic defense mechanisms to tackle those threats. Park et al [16] presented the security challenges and associated solutions in the bitcoin network.…”

Section: Related Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions

Ismail¹,

Materwala²

2019

Preprint

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Over the last decade the blockchain technology has emerged to provide solutions to the complexity and privacy challenges of using distributed databases. Its adoption is motivated by cost reduction for customers. Over this time, the concept of blockchain has shifted greatly due to its potential in business growth for enterprises and the rapidly evolving applications in a collaborative smart cities ecosystem, healthcare, and governance. Many platforms, with different architectures and consensus protocols, have been introduced. Consequently, it becomes challenging for an application developer to chose the right platform. Furthermore, blockchain has misaligned with the goals for efficient green collaborative digital ecosystem. Therefore, it becomes critical to address this gap and to build new frameworks to align blockchain with those goals. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of blockchain architecture and consensus protocols, bringing a retrospective analysis and discussing the rationale of the evolution of the various architectures and protocols, as well as capturing the assumptions conducting to their development and contributions to building collaborative applications. We introduce a classification of those architectures, helping developers to chose a suitable platform for applications and providing insights for future research directions in the field in building new frameworks. blockchain architecture and consensus protocol, it becomes more and more difficult to foresee the uses and applications of blockchain, therefore compounding the difficulty in achieving the goals. In 2017, the bitcoin mining used around 30.14 TerraWatt hours (TWh) of energy, which is equivalent to energy usage of the entire Ireland in a year [3]. According to a research, the annual carbon dioxide emissions by the bitcoin network are as high as 22.9 million metric tons, almost equivalent to the amount produced by the countries like Sri Lanka and Jordan [4].Further challenges have been placed on distributed applications by the expanding industrial market growth to serve a wide number of customers. Growing business requires trust and transparency between the customers and business providers. Customers require to eliminate intermediaries to reduce transactions cost. The issues of data communication overhead with increasing number of network participants further hinders the real-time services of the developed applications. Addressing these problems of energy consumption and scalability often trades off with security, and privacy. As such, the goals of this paper are four-fold: 1) we aim to provide a temporal evolution of blockchain applications development platforms architectures and consensus protocols with a retrospective analysis to their introduction. We classify the platforms and the consensus protocols under unifying architectures, and discuss various existing and upcoming blockchain applications, 2) help developers to choose the right platform architecture for applications, 3) we evaluate the current research on the topic, blockchai...

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A survey on privacy protection in blockchain system

Cited by 646 publications

References 11 publications

Personal Data Broker Instead of Blockchain for Students’ Data Privacy Assurance

Personal Data Broker Instead of Blockchain for Students’ Data Privacy Assurance

SURVIVOR: A blockchain based edge-as-a-service framework for secure energy trading in SDN-enabled vehicle-to-grid environment

A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions

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