“…High honey bee colony losses have been observed in recent years in many countries (Neumann and Carreck, 2010;Potts et al, 2010), notably from 2006 onwards in the USA (Ellis et al, 2010;vanEngelsdorp et al, 2007vanEngelsdorp et al, , 2008vanEngelsdorp et al, , 2010vanEngelsdorp et al, , 2011vanEngelsdorp et al, , 2012Spleen et al, 2013;Steinhauer et al, 2014) but subsequently in many other places (Aston, 2010;Charriere and Neumann, 2010;Currie et al, 2010;Gray et al, 2010;Hatjina et al, 2010;Ivanova and Petrov, 2010;Mutinelli et al, 2010;Tlak Gajger et al, 2010;Topolska et al, 2010;Vejsnaes et al, 2010;van der Zee, 2010;van der Zee et al, 2012;Clermont et al, 2014;Pirk et al, 2014). This has led to intensive co-operation between honey bee experts to investigate this problem from different perspectives, including epidemiology and experimental approaches.…”