The changing condition, the increased competition and the necessity of organizations' effectiveness in such circumstances, has revealed their need for a valuable generation of employees; a generation that is regarded as organizational soldiers. These employees, undoubtedly, are the distinguishing aspect of effective vs. non-effective organizations; since they act more than their formal role and do anything they can, while they have no expectations. Given the importance of organizational-citizenship behavior, this paper has tried to investigate the incidence of this kind of behavior in two different environments: governmental organizations and private commercial companies. The results of this research showed that in private commercial companies, the incidence of organizational-citizenship behavior was high and the reason is laid in three variables: organizational loyalty, organizational partnership and individual initiatives of personnel. It should be noted that the basis of data analysis in this research is multi-variant analysis.Keywords: organizational-citizenship behavior, governmental organizations, private commercial companies.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social SciencesJuly 2013, Vol. 3, No. 7 ISSN: 2222 479 www.hrmars.com/journals Introduction Today, most of the managers want employees who work more than their job description. They seek employees who go beyond the expectations, and willingly and voluntarily do things that are not in their job description [1]. Generally, those job behaviors of employees that have a significant effect on organization operations have attracted many researchers' and managers' attention. In past, most of the researchers in their studies paid attention to intra-role performance of employees in order to investigate the relationship between job behaviors and organization effectiveness. But organizational-citizenship behavior (OCB) 1 includes optional behaviors from employees that are not among their formal duties and are not considered directly by formal reward system and increase the total organization effectiveness. Since roughly one and half decades ago, researchers have distinguished between intra-and extra-role performances [9,11]. Extra-role performance refers to job behaviors beyond the formal roles of employees that are optional and usually are not considered in formal reward system of the organization [12, 28]. In 20 years ago, OCB has been the subject of many researches and it is still increasing. Generally the researches are in three types: some of them have focused on predicting and empirical testing of OCB creating factors. In this setting, factors such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational identity, organizational equity, trust and so on are discussed as OCB creating factors [18]. On the other hand, some of researchers have focused on OCB consequences. In this setting, factors such as organization performance, organizational effectiveness, organizational success, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty...