A sustainable approach to cathode delamination using a green solvent

Abstract

A green solvent-based methodology was developed for delaminating cathode active materials from aluminium current collectors in end-of-life Li-ion batteries.

Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling

“…The use of NMP as a solvent to separate the active materials is associated with high costs and represents a safety risk because it is hazardous, teratogenic, and irritating. [ 295 ] Recently, alternative methods for dissolving the PVDF binder, such as supercritical extraction with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as co‐solvent [ 113 ] or the use of green solvents, such as dimethyl isosorbide (DMI) [ 296 ] have been published. Another chemical method for the liberation of the cathode active material is based on the selective etching of the aluminum current collector using alkaline solutions.…”

Separation of nickel from cobalt and manganese in lithium ion batteries using deep eutectic solvents

“…The LiNMC was added to an 80 °C solution of OxA : ChCl and stirred at 300 RPM up to a maximum of 5 hours. Aliquots (1-3 mL) of the solution were taken at various time intervals (10,20,40,60, 120 and 240 min) using luer-lock syringes (2 mL polypropylene, Fisherbrand), then filtered with Nylon syringe filters (0.2 μm, 30 mm, ThermoScientific) into a sample vial. An aliquot (10 μL) was immediately taken with a positive displacement pipette for ICP-MS analysis and stored in dil.…”

“…More recently, alternative solvents such as dimethyl isosorbide (DMI) have been investigated due to their less toxic nature. 20 Organic acids such as citric acid, maleic acid, ascorbic acid, L-tartaric acid and oxalic acid have also proven to be successful in extracting metals from spent LIBs, 21 and can exhibit higher metal leaching selectivity. 10,22,23 Bioleaching processes, in which fungi such as Aspergillus Niger and Penicillin simplicissimum produce these organic acids, have also been applied to LIB leaching.…”

Mesoporous TiO2 Microparticles with Tailored Surfaces, Pores, Walls, and Particle Dimensions Using Persistent Micelle Templates

“…In both cases, the resulting aged samples were then calcined at 450 °C for 0.1 h with a 5 °C min –1 ramp, unless otherwise stated, to oxidatively remove the polymer and induce crystallization of the material. Please note that the removal of the homopolymer or block polymer template by dissolution has been shown elsewhere as an alternative to removal via calcination. ,,− …”