A Sustainable Design Strategy Based on Building Morphology to Improve the Microclimate of University Campuses in Cold Regions of China Using an Optimization Algorithm

Abstract

The microclimate affects the quality and efficiency of outdoor spaces of campuses, especially in the cold regions of China. In this paper, we propose a multiobjective optimization method to improve the thermal comfort of the outdoor environment of university campuses in severe cold regions. We used morphology data from 41 universities in the cold region of China to create a layout prototype of a campus cluster. Multiobjective optimization was used, and the effects of sunlight, solar radiation, and wind on the outdoor thermal comfort in winter were considered. A parameterized platform was established for the multiobjective optimization of the microclimate of the simplified model of the campus. A multiobjective optimization based on an evolutionary algorithm was used to obtain 108 groups of nondominated solutions. The optimum outdoor microclimate of the campus was obtained at a building density of 0.21–0.23, a plot ratio of 1.51–1.88, and a road width of 11–14 m. We recommend that buildings are designed based on the wind direction in winter and that the space between buildings is increased.

Modeling of Energy Saving and Comfort of Building Layout in Extreme Weather Urban Residential Area under the Background of Spatial Structure and Form Evolution: Taking Yichun as an Example

“…The winter is long and cold. Every year from November to the next April, the city will face the attack of severe cold, ice, and cold wind [2]. At the same time, because winter is often affected by cold air from Siberia, compared with other countries at the same latitude in the world, the winter temperature in cold cities in my country is much lower, and the average temperature in January is often below -18 °C [3].…”

Impact of Microclimate on People’s Experiences and Behaviours in the Cultural Consumption Space: A Case Study of Panjiayuan Antique Market in Beijing, China

“…Thermal comfort in a microclimate is often considered to have the most significant impact on people's feelings and experiences [10,15]. However, in cultural consumption spaces, such as the Panjiayuan Antique Market, thermal comfort did not appear to have a decisive impact on people's perceptions, but other factors (such as "Visibility" and "Noise") did.…”

“…Based on these four indicators, microclimate data can be obtained using two primary methods; namely, subjective questionnaires, and software simulations combined with field measurements. Software simulations combined with field measurements focus on simulating real environmental conditions and environmental performance analysis [10]. Subjective questionnaires focus on the combined analysis of individual factors and microclimate effects, and on the correlation between microclimates and outdoor thermal comfort [11].…”

Application of an Architect-Friendly Digital Design Approach to the Wind Environment of Campus Dormitory Buildings

“…Indoor natural ventilation and air quality [1,15,16] Outdoor wind and pollutant diffusion [17][18][19][20] Pedestrian wind [21][22][23][24][25] Ventilation and energy saving [26] Wind energy utilization [27,28] Campus thermal comfort Indoor ventilation and thermal comfort [29][30][31][32] Outdoor wind and thermal comfort [33][34][35] Campus microclimate, mainly involving the wind environment Based on regional climate characteristics and layout form [36,37] Microclimate evaluation [38] Campus wind environment and health Health-related performance [39,40] Influencing factors of natural ventilation on campus Influence of natural ventilation on the façade of the building [41] Influence of atrium on natural ventilation [42] Influence of courtyard on natural ventilation [43] Influence of campus building layout on ventilation [44] Influence of human behavior mode on ventilation [45][46][47] Campus wind simulation method CFD numerical simulations based on different software [48][49][50] Simulation comparison of two turbulence models (RAN and LES) [51] Wind tunnel experiment [52] Fluent, Phoenics, OpenFOAM, and other commonly used CFD simulation software are among those found in the literature on wind environment simulations of campus buildings....…”