A sustainable integrated in situ transesterification of microalgae for biodiesel production and associated co-product-a review

Salam, Kamoru A.; Velásquez-Orta, Sharon B.; Harvey, Adam P.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.068

Cited by 130 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 103 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…9 is extensively required for this method [70]. This conversion method could yield a refined fuel product ideal for the convectional high speed diesel engine [71].…”

Section: Transesterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EU GHG emission reduction projection[17] Global increase in energy production by fuel sources[18] Algae cultivation methods (A) natural cultivation method, (B) artificial cultivation method (flat plate photobioreactor), (C) artificial cultivation method (tubular photobioreactor), (D) artificial cultivation method (column photobioreactor)[154] Diagram of algae biomass products Wastewater treatment application for algae cultivation[156] Algae biodiesel production by transesterification[71] Direct transesterification (single stage)[71] Conventional transesterification (two stages)[71] Anaerobic digestion conversion process Bioethanol production through fermentation process[12] Pyrolysis conversion process[9] Direct combustion process of algae biomass for energy generationFig. 14.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Algae biofuel: Current status and future applications

Adeniyi

Azimov

Burluka

2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

367

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An algal feedstock or biomass may contain a very high oil fraction, and thus could be used for the production of advanced biofuels via different conversion processes. Its major advantage apart from its large oil fraction is the ability to convert almost all the energy from the feedstock into different varieties of useful products. In the research to displace fossil fuels, algae feedstock has emerged as a suitable candidate not only because of its renewable and sustainable features but also for its economic credibility based on the potential to match up with the global demand for transportation fuels. Cultivating this feedstock is very easy and could be developed with little or even no supervision, with the aid of wastewater not suitable for human consumption while absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. The overall potential for algae applications generally shows that this feedstock is still an untapped resource, and it could be of huge commercial benefits to the global economy at large because algae exist in millions compared to terrestrial plants. Algae applications are evident for everyday consumption via foods products, non-foods products, fuel, and energy. Biofuels derived from algae have no impact on the environment and the food supply unlike biofuels produced from crops. However, any cultivation method employed could control the operating cost and the technicalities involved, which will also influence the production rate and strain. The scope of this paper is to review the current status of algae as a potential feedstock with diverse benefit for the resolution of the global energy demand, and environmental pollution control of GHG.

show abstract

“…9 is extensively required for this method [70]. This conversion method could yield a refined fuel product ideal for the convectional high speed diesel engine [71].…”

Section: Transesterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae biofuel: Current status and future applications

Adeniyi

Azimov

Burluka

2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

367

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In situ trans-esterification is another alternative to produce biodiesel starting from wet biomass [36]. It has been demonstrated that the average energy consumption for drying and transesterification is 5.42 MJ / L of biodiesel, but being a process based on hydrolysis and esterification of wet biomass, it has a theoretical energy consumption of 1.81 MJ / L [37].…”

Section: Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae biorefineries: applications and emerging technologies

Giraldo

Romo-Buchelly

Arbeláez-Pérez

et al. 2018

DYNA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microalgae transform CO2 into a broad portfolio of biomolecules, and thus should be considered as a valuable biotechnological platform. Despite several research programs and global efforts to establish a sustainable microalgae-based industry, most applications have not transcended academic boundaries. This limitation raises from the high transformation costs when target products are biofuels or fertilizers. Microalgae biorefinery emerges as an alternative to improve economic competitiveness, as Under such a model scope, the process inputs come from industrial waste, while biomass exploitation prioritizes the highest value molecules followed by extraction of less valuable compounds. This review describes a wide range of microalgae exploitation schemes focused on new uses of its constituents, while discussing emerging technologies designed to improve production and efficiencies as well.Keywords: microalgae; biorefinery; biofuels; fertilizers; active biomolecules. Biorefinerías de microalgas: aplicaciones actuales y nuevas tecnologías en desarrolloResumen Las microalgas transforman el CO2 en un amplio portafolio de biomoléculas, por lo cual, son consideradas una valiosa plataforma biotecnológica. A pesar de múltiples programas de investigación y esfuerzos globales para establecer una industria sostenible basada en microalgas, la mayoría de las aplicaciones potenciales no han trascendido las fronteras académicas. Esta limitación se debe a los altos costos en la transformación del producto principalmente cuando se obtiene compuestos económicos como biocombustibles y fertilizantes. La biorefinería de microalgas surge como alternativa para incrementar la competitividad económica. En este modelo, los insumos del proceso provienen de residuos industriales, mientras que la explotación de la biomasa inicia con las moléculas de alto valor y finaliza con los compuestos menos valiosos. En esta revisión se describe un amplio abanico de esquemas de explotación de microalgas enfocado en nuevos usos de sus constituyentes. Además, se exploran las tecnologías emergentes destinadas a aprovechar esta biomasa de una manera más versátil y eficiente.

show abstract

“…However, the algae‐to‐biodiesel industry is nascent and, as a result, the production of biodiesel from microalgae on an industrial‐scale is still pending . The estimated cost of biodiesel production from microalgae varies largely from 1.69 to 40.00 $/gasoline‐gallon‐equivalent (GGE), while the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) currently projects it at ‘best case’ to be $4.35–$4.49/GGE . Moving towards larger pond sizes can improve the economics of algal biomass production, thus making algae biodiesel viable for industrial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle assessment of algae‐to‐biodiesel shallow pond production systems in the Mediterranean: influence of species, pond type, by(co)‐product valorisation and electricity mix

Foteinis

Antoniadis-Gavriil

Tsoutsos

2018

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The environmental sustainability of microalgae‐to‐biodiesel production systems was examined at open (outdoor) and closed (indoor, using artificial light and temperature control) raceway ponds in a Mediterranean climate (southern Greece). Spirulina platensis and Nannochloropsis sp. species were considered, with the latter having a slightly better environmental performance. In terms of energy efficiency, large cumulative energy demand (CED) values were observed, while the energy return‐on‐investment (EROI) ratio was well below 3 in all cases, indicating that, with current technology, algae‐to‐biodiesel systems have not reached sustainability yet. The impact on land use was minimal, as nonarable land was used. Shallow‐pond cultivation systems are energy intensive, especially the closed ones, and therefore were found to be associated with high environmental footprints. In all cases, the main environmental hotspot was, by and large, the electricity consumption from the Greek fossil‐fuel depended energy mix (90%). Pellet, a process co‐product, largely reduced the total environmental footprint by up to ~47%, which highlights the importance of co‐product valorization. Closed systems exhibited significantly higher environmental footprints compared to open ones, due to the large energy inputs for artificial solar irradiation and for indoor temperature control. In all the cases examined, the microalgae‐to‐biodiesel production system's environmental footprint was higher than that of fossil diesel (i.e. petrodiesel), indicating that ample room exists to improve their environmental performance. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the introduction of renewable energy solely to cover for electricity needs substantially improves environmental sustainability and could render microalgae‐to‐biodiesel systems an environmentally friendlier solution than petrodiesel. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

show abstract

A sustainable integrated in situ transesterification of microalgae for biodiesel production and associated co-product-a review

Cited by 130 publications

References 103 publications

Algae biofuel: Current status and future applications

Algae biofuel: Current status and future applications

Microalgae biorefineries: applications and emerging technologies

Life cycle assessment of algae‐to‐biodiesel shallow pond production systems in the Mediterranean: influence of species, pond type, by(co)‐product valorisation and electricity mix

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About