In order to better assess the mental health status, combining online text data and considering the problems of lexicon sparsity and small lexicon size in feature statistics of word frequency of the traditional linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC) dictionary, and combining the advantages of constructive neural network (CNN) convolutional neural network in contextual semantic extraction, a CNN-based mental health assessment method is proposed and evaluated with the measurement indicators in CLPsych2017. The results showed that the results obtained from the mental health assessment by CNN were superior in all indicators, in which F1 = 0.51 and ACC = 0.69. Meanwhile, ACC evaluated by FastText, CNN, and CNN + Word2Vec were 0.66, 0.67, 0.67, and F1 were 0.37, 0.47, and 0.49, respectively, which indicates the use of CNN in mental health assessment has feasibility.