A Synergistic effect of artocarpanone from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae) on the antibacterial activity of some antibiotics and their effect on membrane permeability

Abstract

Aim/Backgrounds:Artocarpanone isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus L. (Moraceae) exhibits antibacterial activity. The present study investigated synergistic activity between artocarpanone and tetracycline, ampicillin, and norfloxacin, respectively, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli.Materials and Methods:A broth microdilution method was used for evaluating antibacterial susceptibility. Synergistic effects were identified using a checkerboard method, and a bacterial cell membrane disruption was investigated by assay of released 260 nm absorbing materials following bacteriolysis.Results and Discussion:Artocarpanone exhibited weak antibacterial activity against MRSA and P. aeruginosa with minimum inhibitory concentrations values of 125 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. However, the compound showed strong antibacterial activity against E. coli (7.8 μg/mL). The interaction between artocarpanone and all tested antibiotics revealed indifference and additive effects against P. aeruginosa and E. coli (fractional inhibitory concentration index [FICI] values of 0.75-1.25). The combination of artocarpanone (31.2 μg/mL) and norfloxacin (3.9 μg/mL) resulted in synergistic antibacterial activity against MRSA, with an FICI of 0.28, while the interaction between artocarpanone and tetracycline, and ampicillin showed an additive effect, with an FICI value of 0.5. A time-kill assay also indicated that artocarpanone had a synergistic effect on the antibacterial activity of norfloxacin. In addition, the combination of artocarpanone and norfloxacin altered the membrane permeability of MRSA.Conclusion:These findings suggest that artocarpanone may be used to enhance the antibacterial activity of norfloxacin against MRSA.

Synergistic effect on anti‐methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureusamong combinations of α‐mangostin‐rich extract, lawsone methyl ether and ampicillin

“…The loss of 260 nm intracellular material was detected using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Zhou et al 2008;Septama et al 2017). Overnight cultures of bacteria were washed with normal saline and resuspended in normal saline.…”

Antibacterial activity of artocarpanone isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus heartwoods against diarrheal pathogens and its mechanism of action on membrane permeability

“…Study by Cushnie and Lamb showed that galangin induced the cytoplasmic membrane damage in Staphylococcus aureus (Cushnie and Lamb, 2005). In addition, quercetin also performed strong antibacterial activity against E. coli by increasing inner membrane permeability and dissipation of the membrane potential (Simoes et al, 2009).…”

“…Artocarpanone at 2 × MIC and MIC only inhibited the bacterial growth after 24 h incubation. It has been reported that artocarpanone had satisfactory antibacterial activity against several bacteria including E. coli (Septama and Panichayupakaranant, 2015).This compound also enhanced the antibacterial activity of norfloxacin by altering membrane permeability of MRSA (Septama et al, 2017). It has been known the Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by outer membrane which providesa selective barrier to protect the cell from harmful agents (Lambert, 2002).…”

Mechanistic Insight into Royal Protein Inhibiting the Gram-Positive Bacteria

“…The samples were then incubated at 30 °C for 60 min. Afterwards, the cell suspension was centrifuged at 13,500× g for 15 min, and the OD at 260 nm of the supernatant was measured [ 39 , 40 ]. The released UV-absorbing materials were represented by the mean values ± SD by measuring three independent replicates.…”