A synopsis of the genus Embelia in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Studies in Malaysian Myrsinaceae III

Dubéarnès, Anne; Julius, Avelinah; Utteridge, Timothy M. A.

doi:10.1007/s12225-015-9570-0

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Embelin (EMB) (2,5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-1,4 benzoquinone) is the main component in the red berry fruits produced by Embelia ribes (Dubéarnès et al., 2015). EMB has been studied extensively using various in-vitro and in-vivo animal models and have exhibited strong anti-convulsant, anxiolytic and anti-depressant properties as well as improving conditions such as sickness behavior, Huntington’s disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Mahendran et al., 2011; Poojari, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embelin Prevents Seizure and Associated Cognitive Impairments in a Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling Zebrafish Model

et al. 2019

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Epilepsy is a neuronal disorder associated with several neurological and behavioral alterations characterized by recurrent spontaneous epileptic seizures. Despite having more than 20 anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), they only provide a symptomatic treatment. As well as, currently available AEDs also displayed cognitive alterations in addition to retarding seizure. This leads to the need for exploring new molecules that not only retard seizure but also improve cognitive impairment. Embelin (EMB) is a benzoquinone derivative which has already demonstrated its pharmacological potentials against arrays of neurological conditions. The current study developed a chronic kindling model in adult zebrafish by using repeated administration of small doses of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and a single dose of Kainic acid (KA) to investigate the associated memory impairment. This has been done by using the three-axis maze which is a conventional method to test the learning ability and egocentric memory in zebrafish. As well as, the ameliorative potential of EMB has been evaluated against chronic epilepsy-related memory alterations. Moreover the expression level of pro-inflammatory genes such as C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were evaluated. The level of several neurotransmitters such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine (Ach) and glutamate (Glu) was evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results showed that daily dose of PTZ 80 mg/kg for 10 days successfully induces a kindling effect in zebrafish, whereas the single dose of KA did not. As compared to control, the PTZ and KA group demonstrates impairment in memory as demonstrated by the three-axis maze. The PTZ group treated with a series of EMB doses (ranging from 0.156 to 0.625 mg/kg) was found to have retarded seizure as well as significantly reduces epilepsy-induced memory alteration. In addition, EMB treatment reduces the expression of inflammatory markers implicating its anti-inflammatory potential. Moreover, levels of GABA, Ach, and glutamate are increased in EMB administered group as compared to the PTZ administered group. Overall, findings demonstrate that EMB might be a potential candidate against chronic epilepsy-related cognitive dysfunction as EMB prevents the seizures, so we expect it to prevent the associated neuroinflammation and learning deficit.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embelin Prevents Seizure and Associated Cognitive Impairments in a Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling Zebrafish Model

et al. 2019

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“…Geographical location Accession number indistinguishable due to extensive morphological variation 13 . It grows in semi-evergreen and deciduous forests occurring in the elevation range of 500 to 2500 m amsl in the Central Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu 14,15 .…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing Taxonomic Identity and Selecting Genetically Diverse Populations for Conservation of Threatened Plants Using Molecular Markers

et al. 2018

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The extent of genetic diversity within a species is an important determinant of successful adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Assessment of extent of genetic diversity/variability is also important to monitor genetic erosion within a species. In threatened plant species, genetic diversity assessment helps in selection of genetically diverse populations to enrich the genetically impoverished populations, thus minimizing the probability of genetic drift. Confirming taxonomic identity of threatened species, particularly those belonging to species complexes with dispute identity, is another essential task in the conservation of threatened species, which is best resolved through molecular approaches. The present study estimated the genetic variability within and among the populations of four threatened species, viz. Justicia beddomei (C.B. Clarke) Bennet (Acanthaceae), Embelia ribes Burm. f. (Myrsinaceae), Madhuca insignis (Radlk.) H.J. Lam (Sapotaceae) and Cycas beddomei Dyer (Cycadaceae) using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers for selecting the genetically diverse populations. The phylogeny was analysed through ITS (nrDNA) and matK (cpDNA) sequences to confirm the species identity.The phylogenetic analyses confirmed four distinct species of Justicia, which also revealed that J. beddomei and J. adhatoda were sister groups with a common ancestor showing rapid parallel speciation with J. gendarussa in one clade and J. betonica in another. Madhuca insignis with extremely small population in the Western Ghats (Karnataka to Kerala) might have undergone either extensive hybridization or incipient speciation. In case of Embelia species, a greater evolutionary closeness between E. subcoraceae and E. floribunda was revealed, while E. ribes had a distinct clad. Both ISSR and SSR markers distinguished various genotypes of Cycas beddomei.

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Antiviral activity of Embelia ribes Burm. f. against influenza virus in vitro

et al. 2018

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Viral respiratory infections are raising serious concern globally. Asian medicinal plants could be useful in improving the current treatment strategies for influenza. The present study examines the activity of five plants from Bangladesh against influenza virus. MDCK cells infected with influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) were treated with increasing concentrations of ethyl acetate extracts, and their cytotoxicity (CC), virus-inhibiting activity (IC), and selectivity index (SI) were calculated. The ethyl acetate extract of fruits of Embelia ribes Burm. f. (Myrsinaceae) had the highest antiviral activity, with an IC of 0.2 µg/mL and a SI of 32. Its major constituent, embelin, was further isolated and tested against the same virus. Embelin demonstrated antiviral activity, with an IC of 0.3 µM and an SI of 10. Time-of-addition experiments revealed that embelin was most effective when added at early stages of the viral life cycle (0-1 h postinfection). Embelin was further evaluated against a panel of influenza viruses including influenza A and B viruses that were susceptible or resistant to rimantadine and oseltamivir. Among the viruses tested, avian influenza virus A/mallard/Pennsylvania/10218/84 (H5N2) was the most susceptible to embelin (SI = 31), while A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) virus was the most resistant (SI = 5). In silico molecular docking showed that the binding site for embelin is located in the receptor-binding domain of the viral hemagglutinin. The results of this study provide evidence that E. ribes can be used for development of a novel alternative anti-influenza plant-based agent.

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A synopsis of the genus Embelia in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Studies in Malaysian Myrsinaceae III

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Embelin Prevents Seizure and Associated Cognitive Impairments in a Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling Zebrafish Model

Embelin Prevents Seizure and Associated Cognitive Impairments in a Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling Zebrafish Model

Establishing Taxonomic Identity and Selecting Genetically Diverse Populations for Conservation of Threatened Plants Using Molecular Markers

Antiviral activity of Embelia ribes Burm. f. against influenza virus in vitro

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