A Synoptic Review of Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Clays in the Southern Part of Nigeria

Abstract

This paper reviews the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of clays found in southern part of Nigeria, with a view to determine its usability. The usability of clays, depends on its chemical and mineralogical charactertics, the end product of clay after it is been processed is also based on it’s charactertics. From reviewed literature, it was observed that sampled clay within the study area were analyzed using the XRD, XRF and ICPMS method. Further findings also revealed that the dominant clay minerals within the study area include montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite. On the other hand, it was observed that non-clay minerals such as feldspar, quartz, dickite and many others were found with clay as revealed by several scholars. While chemical charactertics of clay consists mainly of Al2O3, K2O, CaO and SiO2, with other major oxides such as P2O5, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2, MnO and Na2O. Some trace elements such Be, Ba, Sc, Sr, Zr, V and Y were reported to be present in clays deposit found in selected part of Ogun state. From reviewed articles, it was observed that mineralogical and chemical charactertics of clay make it suitable for pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetic and polymer industries, but considered to be fairly suitable for oil and gas industry.

Clay based heterogeneous catalysts for carbon–nitrogen bond formation: a review

“…Kaolin is another naturally and commercially available heterogeneous solid acid; it has a 1 : 1 layer of aluminosilicates, and the tetrahedral SiO 4 and octahedral AlO 2 (OH) 4 groups are arranged in a sandwich. 73 The Al–O groups are bound between two tetrahedral Si–O moieties and the water molecule is located in the interlayer of each sandwich moiety. The molecular formula of kaolin clay is Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ; the oxygen atom of tetrahedral Si–O is boned with the octahedral aluminum atom, and one oxygen atom binds with only one Al 3+ moiety ( Fig.…”

Production and optimization of the refractory properties of blended Nigerian clay for high-temperature application; a non-stochastic optimization approach

“…Nigeria's sedimentary basins contain a huge quantity of varied kinds of clays and it has been the subject of various studies as its abundance and availability guarantee its sustainability (Eyankware et al 2021, Akanwa and Joe-Ikechebelu 2022, Aromolaran and Adebayo 2022, Tsepav et al 2022. There has been an increasing awareness of the scope and importance of refractory materials in the industrial development of Nigeria (Okoro et al 2022).…”