A synthetic lymph node containing inactivated<i>Treponema pallidum</i>cells elicits strong, antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice

Stamm, Lola V.; Drapp, Rebecca

doi:10.1111/2049-632x.12098

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Fourth, efforts to develop a vaccine to prevent syphilis, and thus limit dependence on antibiotics, should be renewed. The availability of novel methods to modulate the innate and adaptive immune response, coupled with an improved understanding of T. pallidum proteogenomics, has stimulated new approaches to syphilis vaccine development [42, 43]. Advances in syphilis diagnosis, treatment, molecular surveillance and vaccines, in combination with a rapid, multi-faceted strategy for outbreak containment, would significantly benefit global public health by accelerating syphilis control efforts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syphilis: antibiotic treatment and resistance

Stamm

2014

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Syphilis is a chronic, multi-stage infectious disease that is usually transmitted sexually by contact with an active lesion of a partner or congenitally from an infected pregnant woman to her fetus. Although syphilis is still endemic in many developing countries, it has re-emerged in several developed countries. The resurgence of syphilis is a major concern to global public health, particularly since the lesions of early syphilis increase the risk of acquisition and transmission of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Because there is no vaccine to prevent syphilis, control is mainly dependent on the identification and treatment of infected individuals and their contacts with penicillin G, the first-line drug for all stages of syphilis. The emergence of clinically significant azithromycin resistance in Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the syphilis agent, has resulted in treatment failures, thus precluding the routine use of this second-line drug. Information is presented here on the diagnosis and recommended antibiotic treatment of syphilis and the challenge of macrolide-resistant T. pallidum.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syphilis: antibiotic treatment and resistance

Stamm

2014

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…TP elicits antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. For example, synthetic lymph nodes containing inactivated TP secrete interferon (IFN)-γ and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody, 12 and showed that CD4 + lymphocytes and IFN-γ predominate in local immune responses in early experimental syphilis. 13 The presence of low-level spirochetemia and immunophenotypic changes suggest monocyte activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a large dose of intravenous immunoglobulin on general paresis of the insane

Chen¹,

Qingqing

et al. 2021

Eur J Inflamm

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General paresis of the insane (GPI) remains the form of neurosyphilis most closely associated with dementia, even after the advent of penicillin. Penicillin remains the top treatment choice for syphilis, but treatment failure is not rare. Although the neurological symptoms of GPI can be alleviated by antibiotic treatment, mental symptoms may continue. A 60-year-old man was admitted to hospital due to rapidly progressive dementia. He was diagnosed as GPI. With the patient’s informed consent, we treated him with a large dose of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (0.4 g/kg/day) for 5 days, as well as penicillin (24 million units daily divided into six doses) for 14 days. A near-immediate improvement in his emotions and orientation occurred on the 17th day in hospital. The patient made an excellent recovery 6 weeks after treatment, his psychotic and mood symptoms improved significantly. Therefore, we hypothesize that patients with GPI treated with IVIG and penicillin G would have better outcomes than those treated with penicillin G alone. IVIG may be introduced as a necessary treatment for GPI.

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“…Specific SIgA antigen in the local mucosa serves an important role in the early resistance to Tp infection (17). Therefore, Tp vaccines should stimulate both the systematic immunity and mucosal immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramuscular primary immunization by nucleic acid vaccine pcDNA/Gpd‑IL‑2 and enhanced immunization with mucosal adjuvant CpG‑ODN and Gpd‑IL‑2 recombinant protein effectively induced strong mucosal immune responses and immune protective effects against Treponema pallidum skin infection

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The present study aimed to evaluate the immune effect of intramuscular primary immunization by the nucleic acid vaccine pcDNA/glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase-interleukin-2 (pcDNA/Gpd-IL-2) and enhanced immunization 2 weeks later with the combination of mucosal adjuvant CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and Gpd-IL-2 recombinant protein on skin infection caused by Treponema pallidum (Tp) in New Zealand rabbits. At week 8 following immunization, MTT assay was used to detect spleen cell proliferation, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect the cytokine and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels. At week 10 after primary immunization, rabbits were inoculated with 10 5 Tp (Nichols strain). Alterations in the skin redness, swelling and ulceration were recorded for 0-60 days. In addition, positive rate of Tp in skin lesions and ulcer formation rate were examined using dark field and silver staining. The results indicated that intramuscular primary immunization by nucleic acid vaccine pcDNA/Gpd-IL-2 followed by enhanced immunization via nasal feeding with mucosal adjuvant CpG-ODN and Gpd-IL-2 recombinant protein induced the higher levels of Tp Gpd specific antibodies, increased the secretion of IL-2 and interferon-γ, and promoted the proliferation of T cells in the first 8 weeks after immunization. Furthermore, this immunization strategy stimulated the production of mucosa specific SIgA antibody. Thus, this strategy led to the lowest Tp positive and ulcer formation rates at the Tp infection sites, as well as healing of skin lesions on the earliest time point (day 42). In conclusion, immunization by nucleic acid vaccine pcDNA/Gpd-IL-2 followed by enhanced immunization with a combination of mucosal adjuvant CpG-ODN and Gpd-IL-2 recombinant protein is an effective immune strategy to induce strong mucosal immune responses and immune protective effects.

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A synthetic lymph node containing inactivatedTreponema pallidumcells elicits strong, antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Syphilis: antibiotic treatment and resistance

Syphilis: antibiotic treatment and resistance

The effect of a large dose of intravenous immunoglobulin on general paresis of the insane

Intramuscular primary immunization by nucleic acid vaccine pcDNA/Gpd‑IL‑2 and enhanced immunization with mucosal adjuvant CpG‑ODN and Gpd‑IL‑2 recombinant protein effectively induced strong mucosal immune responses and immune protective effects against Treponema pallidum skin infection

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