A systematic evaluation of prompt fading methods during conditional discrimination training

A review of the concurrent‐chains arrangement to assess intervention choice: 2018–2023

“…Preference for interventions (accumulated and distributed reinforcement) in the context of skill acquisition has also been evaluated (e.g., Frank‐Crawford et al, 2019; Joachim & Carroll, 2018). Concurrent‐chains assessments have also been used to assess preference for prompt type (e.g., Markham et al, 2020a), communication modalities within mand training (e.g., Cariveau et al, 2022), variability within play (e.g., Galizio et al, 2020), and appropriate speech (e.g., Stocco et al, 2020).…”

“…In addition, the number of guided‐exposure trials varied across studies. Markham et al (2020a) exposed participants to each of the four conditions five times, whereas Argueta et al (2019) conducted two guided‐exposure trials for each response option.…”

Adapting Direct Services for Telehealth: A Practical Tutorial

“…For example, neither physical guidance (e.g., hand-over-hand prompting) nor graduated guidance can be provided through the telehealth platform without the assistance of a trained caregiver in the home. Therefore, a behavior analyst should identify which prompts reliably evoke and transfer behavior to the relevant S D when delivered via telehealth (Rodriguez, 2020; see Markham et al, 2020b;Schnell et al, 2020 for prompt assessments). The therapist should work with a caregiver to identify the acceptability and feasibility of prompts that require caregiver facilitation (BACB, 2014, Section 4.06).…”

“…A token economy is a reinforcement system in which generalized conditioned reinforcers (i.e., tokens) are presented following target behaviors, accumulated across target behaviors, and exchanged for access to preferred items or activities. Token economies have been utilized to produce behavior change across many different environments, target behaviors, and populations of human and non-human organisms (Hackenberg, 2018), including consumers with ASD participating in ABA intervention (Matson & Boisjoli, 2009). Incorporating token economies in ABA intervention can be beneficial for several reasons.…”

A comparison of most to least prompting, no‐no prompting and responsive prompt delay procedures

“…As individual prompt types are not evaluated separately, we cannot draw conclusions about which prompt type would be most effective for an individual participant or skill. Prompt delay procedures, for example, progressive prompt delay, on the other hand, allow for specific types of prompts to be evaluated (Markham et al, 2020). However, the aim of this study was to compare the responsive prompt delay procedure to procedures that were commonly used in the UK at the time of the study; therefore, for the purposes of this research evaluating prompting procedures that incorporated different types of prompt was not an issue.…”