A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between shift work and metabolic syndrome: The roles of sleep, gender, and type of shift work

Khosravipour, Masoud; Khanlari, Payam; Khazaie, Sepideh; Khosravipour, Hadis; Khazaie, Habibolah

doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101427

Cited by 68 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…They reported a potential dose-response relationship, i.e., an increased risk with longer exposure to shift work (RR 1.77, 95%CI 1.32-2.36 after ≥10 years of night shifts). Recently, another meta-analysis of 38 studies confirmed an increased risk of MetS among rotating shift workers (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95%CI 1.11-1.46) [39]. Similar results across 36 studies were reported by Wang et al (OR 1.42, 95%CI 1.18-1.71) [40].…”

Section: Cardio-metabolic Effectssupporting

confidence: 62%

The Effects of Shift Work on Cardio-Metabolic Diseases and Eating Patterns

Hemmer¹,

Mareschal²,

Dibner

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Energy metabolism is tightly linked with circadian rhythms, exposure to ambient light, sleep/wake, fasting/eating, and rest/activity cycles. External factors, such as shift work, lead to a disruption of these rhythms, often called circadian misalignment. Circadian misalignment has an impact on some physiological markers. However, these proxy measurements do not immediately translate into major clinical health outcomes, as shown by later detrimental health effects of shift work and cardio-metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the effects of shift work on circadian rhythms and its implications in cardio-metabolic disorders and eating patterns. Shift work appears to be a risk factor of overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, elevated blood pressure, and the metabolic syndrome. However, past studies showed discordant findings regarding the changes of lipid profile and eating patterns. Most studies were either small and short lab studies, or bigger and longer cohort studies, which could not measure health outcomes in a detailed manner. These two designs explain the heterogeneity of shift schedules, occupations, sample size, and methods across studies. Given the burden of non-communicable diseases and the growing concerns about shift workers’ health, novel approaches to study shift work in real contexts are needed and would allow a better understanding of the interlocked risk factors and potential mechanisms involved in the onset of metabolic disorders.

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Section: Cardio-metabolic Effectssupporting

confidence: 62%

The Effects of Shift Work on Cardio-Metabolic Diseases and Eating Patterns

Hemmer¹,

Mareschal²,

Dibner

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…Research in model animals and cultured human cells shows how disruptions of circadian rhythms via clock gene manipulations can contribute to the development and progression of various kinds of skin diseases including cancer, sunburns, radiation-induced hair loss, aging, infections, inflammatory diseases, and wounds. Consistent with these experimental studies, epidemiological studies on shift workers show that circadian disruption is associated with increased incidence of metabolic disease [146], cancer [65], and several skin diseases [116,117,145]. Therefore, it stands to reason that a healthy lifestyle aimed at maintaining normal circadian rhythms may improve skin health.…”

Section: Managing the Internal Clock Via Lifestyle Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 85%

The circadian clock and diseases of the skin

et al. 2021

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Organisms have an evolutionarily conserved internal rhythm that helps them anticipate and adapt to daily changes in the environment. Synchronized to the light-dark cycle with a period of around 24 hours, the timing of the circadian clock is set by light-triggering signals sent from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Other inputs, including food intake, exercise, and temperature, also affect clocks in peripheral tissues, including skin. Here, we review the intricate interplay between the core clock network and fundamental physiological processes in skin such as homeostasis, regeneration, and immune-and stress responses. We illustrate the effect of feeding time on the skin circadian clock and skin functions, a previously overlooked area of research. We then discuss works that relate the circadian clock and its disruption to skin diseases, including skin cancer, sunburn, hair loss, aging, infections, inflammatory skin diseases, and wound healing. Finally, we highlight the promise of circadian medicine for skin disease prevention and management.

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“…As previously described, the circadian misalignment associated with working at night has been implicated in the increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders (Brum et al, 2015; Kecklund and Axelsson, 2016), including metabolic syndrome (Khosravipour et al, 2021; Wang et al, 2021), type 2 diabetes (Vetter et al, 2018; Gao et al, 2020), and cardiovascular heart diseases (Vetter et al, 2016; Kervezee et al, 2020). Other studies have reported different forms of cancer (Schernhammer et al, 2006; Mancio et al, 2018; Ward et al, 2019), various gastrointestinal and digestive complaints (Knutsson and Bøggild, 2010; Gupta et al, 2019), menstrual irregularities, dysmenorrhea, and difficulties with pregnancy (Labyak et al, 2002; Zhu et al, 2004; Hammer et al, 2018).…”

Section: Impact Of Shift Work On Physical and Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 88%

Disturbance of the Circadian System in Shift Work and Its Health Impact

2021

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The various non-standard schedules required of shift workers force abrupt changes in the timing of sleep and light-dark exposure. These changes result in disturbances of the endogenous circadian system and its misalignment with the environment. Simulated night-shift experiments and field-based studies with shift workers both indicate that the circadian system is resistant to adaptation from a day- to a night-oriented schedule, as determined by a lack of substantial phase shifts over multiple days in centrally controlled rhythms, such as those of melatonin and cortisol. There is evidence that disruption of the circadian system caused by night-shift work results not only in a misalignment between the circadian system and the external light-dark cycle, but also in a state of internal desynchronization between various levels of the circadian system. This is the case between rhythms controlled by the central circadian pacemaker and clock genes expression in tissues such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells, hair follicle cells, and oral mucosa cells. The disruptive effects of atypical work schedules extend beyond the expression profile of canonical circadian clock genes and affects other transcripts of the human genome. In general, after several days of living at night, most rhythmic transcripts in the human genome remain adjusted to a day-oriented schedule, with dampened group amplitudes. In contrast to circadian clock genes and rhythmic transcripts, metabolomics studies revealed that most metabolites shift by several hours when working nights, thus leading to their misalignment with the circadian system. Altogether, these circadian and sleep-wake disturbances emphasize the all-encompassing impact of night-shift work, and can contribute to the increased risk of various medical conditions. Here, we review the latest scientific evidence regarding the effects of atypical work schedules on the circadian system, sleep and alertness of shift-working populations, and discuss their potential clinical impacts.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between shift work and metabolic syndrome: The roles of sleep, gender, and type of shift work

Cited by 68 publications

References 81 publications

The Effects of Shift Work on Cardio-Metabolic Diseases and Eating Patterns

The Effects of Shift Work on Cardio-Metabolic Diseases and Eating Patterns

The circadian clock and diseases of the skin

Disturbance of the Circadian System in Shift Work and Its Health Impact

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