A Systematic Review of Cybersickness

Abstract

The uptake of new interface technologies, such as the Oculus Rift have generated renewed interest in virtual reality especially for private entertainment use. However, long standing issues with unwanted side effects, such as nausea from cybersickness, continue to impact on the general use of devices such as head mounted displays. This in turn has slowed the uptake of more immersive interfaces for computer gaming and indeed more serious applications in training and health. In this paper we report a systematic review in the area of cybersickness with a focus on measuring the diverse symptoms experienced. Indeed the related conditions of simulator sickness and motion sickness have previously been well studied and yet many of the issues are unresolved. Here we report on these issues along with a number of measures, both subjective and objective in nature, using either questionnaires or psychophysiological measures that have been used to study cybersickness. We also report on the factors, individual, device related and task dependent that impact on the condition. We conclude that there remains a need to develop more cost-effective and objective physiological measures of both the impact of cybersickness and a person's susceptibility to the condition.

FIJI: A Framework for the Immersion-Journalism Intersection

“…The postural instability theory is based on the idea that one of the primary behavioral goals of humans is to maintain postural stability, and therefore, prolonged postural instability results in motion sickness symptoms (Riccio and Stoffregen, 1991). Finally, "the most longstanding and popular explanation for cybersickness" is the sensory conflict theory (Davis et al, 2014), which is based on the premise that discrepancies among the senses regarding the body's orientation and motion cause a perceptual conflict that the body does not know how to handle (LaViola, 2000).…”

“…Davis et al (2014) identified three categories of factors that affect cybersickness-individual factors, device factors, and task factors. Individual factors include aspects specific to each user, such as age (Reason and Brand, 1975), gender (Biocca, 1992), preexisting illness (LaViola, 2000), and posture (Riccio and Stoffregen, 1991).…”

Measuring Latency in Virtual Reality Systems

“…Davis et al investigated a condition they term cybersickness [2] in analogy to motion sickness. They consider a range of options for the cause of these problems, delay among them.…”

“…However, these systems all have in common the same potential problems when it comes to motion sickness and discomfort when using the VR solutions [2]. An important source of these problems is delay.…”

Virtual Reality as a Therapy Adjunct for Fear of Movement in Veterans With Chronic Pain: Single-Arm Feasibility Study (Preprint)

“…The daily rating form will ask participants questions regarding their VR experiences including a singleitem assessing 'Cybersickness' [58], their level of 'Immersion' in the VR experience [59], and the length of their VR experience. Participants will also be given the opportunity to provide any additional information about their VR utilization experience via three open-ended question, i.e., likes, dislikes, symptoms, and additional comments.…”