A systematic review of neonatal toxoplasmosis exposure and sensorineural hearing loss

Brown, Erik D.; Chau, Jason; Atashband, Shahnaz; Westerberg, Brian D.; Kozak, Frederick K.

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.01.012

Cited by 65 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Of sixty-eight children receiving one-year of anti-parasitic treatment, none (0%) developed hearing loss. In a meta-analysis, children with toxoplasmosis were stratified based on the duration of treatment and its effect on hearing loss (4). The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss was 28 % with limited or no treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Otopathology in Congenital Toxoplasmosis

Şalvız¹,

Montoya²,

Nadol³

et al. 2013

Otology &Amp; Neurotology

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Objective To describe the temporal bone histopathology in children with congenital toxoplasmosis. Background Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii. If fetal infection occurs early in gestation severe inflammation and necrosis can cause brain lesions, chorioretinitis and hearing loss. Hearing loss in congenital toxoplasmosis may be preventable with early diagnosis and treatment. Materials and Methods The temporal bones of nine subjects with congenital toxoplasmosis were removed at autopsy and studied under light microscopy. Cytocochleograms were constructed for hair cells, the stria vascularis and cochlear neuronal cells. Results Three of nine subjects (33%) were found to have parasites in the temporal bone. The organism was identified in the internal auditory canal, the spiral ligament, stria vascularis and saccular macula. The cystic form of the parasite was not associated with the inflammatory response seen in the active tachyzoite form. Conclusions We infer that the hearing loss of toxoplasmosis is likely the result of a postnatal inflammatory response to the tachyzoite form of T gondii. Our findings have implications for the early identification and management of Toxoplasmosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remarkably this number can be reduced to 0% in patients that are identified early and are compliant with treatment (4). The described hearing loss of toxoplasmosis is sensorineural.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Otopathology in Congenital Toxoplasmosis

Şalvız¹,

Montoya²,

Nadol³

et al. 2013

Otology &Amp; Neurotology

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“…The prevalence is higher among those who do not receive anti-parasitic treatment; whereas early and prolonged treatment can save the hearing of at least 50% of affected children [7]. The other differential diagnosis can be reasonably excluded clinically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pearls in Pediatric Infections

et al. 2011

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This series of Clinical Pearls presents four cases presenting with infection. Each of these cases had clinical clues to the correct diagnosis, which could be picked up on meticulous history, clinical examination, or basic laboratory investigations. The authors highlight the important lessons to be learnt from each case. The first is a 7 year old boy with recurrent respiratory tract infections since early life. Clinical examination revealed the presence of dextrocardia and situs inversus and bronchiectasis leading to a diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. The second case is a 1.5-month-old infant who presented with meningitis and increasing head size since birth. CSF examination and CT scanning led to the correct diagnosis of congenital Toxoplasmosis. The next case is an infant with high grade fever and neck swelling. He had the rare Lemierre's syndrome comprising of oro-pharyngeal infection, suppurative thrompbophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and systemic dissemination of septic emboli. The fourth case is a 2-year-old infant with recurrent respiratory tract infections and discharging neck swellings from early life. Repeated testing for tuberculosis was negative. The diagnosis was Chronic granulomatous disease. The authors describe the clinical approach and investigations in these cases; along with an outline of the management.

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“…A s y st em at ic rev iew of t he l it er at u re q uot e s a prevalence of deafness in children with congenital toxoplasmosis of between 0 and 26% 48. Only two studies monitored hearing prospectively in treated infants and no cases of progressive or delayed onset hearing loss were detected 49.…”

Section: The Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%