A systematic review of non-productivity-related animal-based indicators of heat stress resilience in dairy cattle

Galán, E.; Llonch, Pol; Villagrá, Arantxa; Levit, H.; Pinto, Severino; Prado, A. del

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206520

Cited by 86 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…A lot of cattle-related thermal indices have been proposed in literature, two of which we considered in our study (Bianca, 1962;Mader et al, 2006;Gaughan et al, 2008;Mader et al, 2010;Da Silva et al, 2015;Lees et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018b). The genetic basis used to derive the indices relative to the dominating genotypic conditions in our study (including resilience types and future adaptation) represents additional incalculable factors.…”

Section: Stress Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios – uncertainties and potential impacts

et al. 2019

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Abstract. In the last decades, a global warming trend was observed. Along with the temperature increase, modifications in the humidity and wind regime amplify the regional and local impacts on livestock husbandry. Direct impacts include the occurrence of climatic stress conditions. In Europe, cows are economically highly relevant and are mainly kept in naturally ventilated buildings that are most susceptible to climate change. The high-yielding cows are particularly vulnerable to heat stress. Modifications in housing management are the main measures taken to improve the ability of livestock to cope with these conditions. Measures are typically taken in direct reaction to uncomfortable conditions instead of in anticipation of a long-term risk for climatic stress. Measures that balance welfare, environmental and economic issues are barely investigated in the context of climate change and are thus almost not available for commercial farms. Quantitative analysis of the climate change impacts on animal welfare and linked economic and environmental factors is rare. Therefore, we used a numerical modeling approach to estimate the future heat stress risk in such dairy cattle husbandry systems. The indoor climate was monitored inside three reference barns in central Europe and the Mediterranean regions. An artificial neuronal network (ANN) was trained to relate the outdoor weather conditions provided by official meteorological weather stations to the measured indoor microclimate. Subsequently, this ANN model was driven by an ensemble of regional climate model projections with three different greenhouse gas concentration scenarios. For the evaluation of the heat stress risk, we considered the number and duration of heat stress events. Based on the changes in the heat stress events, various economic and environmental impacts were estimated. The impacts of the projected increase in heat stress risk varied among the barns due to different locations and designs as well as the anticipated climate change (considering different climate models and future greenhouse gas concentrations). There was an overall increasing trend in number and duration of heat stress events. At the end of the century, the number of annual stress events can be expected to increase by up to 2000, while the average duration of the events increases by up to 22 h compared to the end of the last century. This implies strong impacts on economics, environment and animal welfare and an urgent need for mid-term adaptation strategies. We anticipated that up to one-tenth of all hours of a year, correspondingly one-third of all days, will be classified as critical heat stress conditions. Due to heat stress, milk yield may decrease by about 2.8 % relative to the present European milk yield, and farmers may expect financial losses in the summer season of about 5.4 % of their monthly income. In addition, an increasing demand for emission reduction measures must be expected, as an emission increase of about 16 Gg of ammonia and 0.1 Gg of methane per year can be expected under the anticipated heat stress conditions. The cattle respiration rate increases by up to 60 %, and the standing time may be prolonged by 1 h. This causes health issues and increases the probability of medical treatments. The various impacts imply feedback loops in the climate system which are presently underexplored. Hence, future in-depth studies on the different impacts and adaptation options at different stress levels are highly recommended.

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Section: Stress Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios – uncertainties and potential impacts

et al. 2019

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“…En el presente estudio, se observó el efecto negativo del ambiente al relacionar el incremento de la FR con el aumento de ITH durante el día. En la evaluación de las 6:00 h, los animales estuvieron en confort térmico (<60 rpm) (Arias et al, 2008;Galán et al, 2018). Sin embargo, a las 13:00 h se observó un incremento en la FR de hasta 201 % veces el número de rpm comparada con la evaluación a las 6:00 h, especialmente en el tratamiento Pasto.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Estrés calórico y conteo de dípteros hematófagos en sistemas silvopastoriles de estratos múltiples

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Introducción. Los sistemas silvopastoriles son esquemas de producción ganadera con potencial para mitigar el efecto negativo del ambiente en la productividad animal. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los efectos de sistemas silvopastoriles de estratos múltiples sobre el estrés calórico y la población de dípteros hematófagos en ganado de carne. Materiales y métodos. Se analizó entre mayo y octubre del 2014, en el centro de investigación Turipaná, Córdoba, Colombia, el comportamiento de animales Cebú Brahman y Romosinuano, en dos arreglos silvopastoriles (aSSP) con diversidad en su composición y estratificación vegetal (p-Arbust con dos estratos y p-Arbust-Arbor con tres estratos) y en una pradera sin árboles, con un diseño de bloques completos al azar. En cada tratamiento se evaluaron la temperatura ambiental (TA) y la humedad relativa (HR), y se construyó un índice de temperatura-humedad (ITH). En los animales se evaluó la temperatura de piel (TP) y la frecuencia respiratoria (FR) a dos horas del día (6:00 y 13:00), y se contaron los dípteros hematófagos (CDH) entre las 8:00 y 10:00 h. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de varianza para modelos mixtos en las variables TA, HR, TP e ITH y modelos mixtos generalizados para CDH y FR. Resultados. Las variables ambientales estuvieron influenciadas por múltiples factores, entre ellos, el cambio en los horarios de muestreo y el arreglo silvopastoril. La mayor carga ambiental (ITH) se observó durante la tarde, evaluación que influyó significativamente sobre la respuesta en FR con aumentos que alcanzaron 2,1 veces más en el tratamiento Pasto, contra 0,8 en p-Arbust-Arbor. Conclusiones. Los aSSP evaluados presentaron ventajas comparativas frente a la reducción del estrés calórico y el conteo de moscas hematófagas bajo condiciones del valle medio del río Sinú. El aSSP p-Arbust, logró mantener los conteos de moscas más bajos a través del tiempo.

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“…The respiration rate, measured in beats per minute (bpm), is particularly valuable to evaluate instantaneous heat stress as it is affected by the ambient conditions with little or no time lag (Pinto et al, 2019;Galán et al, 2018;Brown-Brandl et al, 2005 (Dirksen et al, 1990;Jackson and Cockcroft, 2008;Pinto et al, 2017;Berman et al, 1985;Ominski et al, 2002).…”

Section: Welfare Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common behavioral indicator for heat stress is the time spent standing, where the lying posture is considered as a cow comfort indicator (Galán et al, 2018;Acatincȃi et al, 2010;Herbut and Angrecka, 2018). The average daily lying time decreases by approximately 10 to 20 minutes per THI unit under heat stress conditions resulting in an increase of the standing time in the same order of magnitude to improve the wind convection and thus increase the heat dissipation (Cook et al, 2007;Allen et al, 2015;Heinicke et al, 2018).…”

Section: Welfare Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moderate changes in the heat stress risk can be addressed by short-term measures which optimize the already implemented control mechanisms such as shading, fans, adjustable opening or cow showers and fogging devices (St-Pierre et al, 2003;Galán et al, 2018;Davison et al, 2016;Polsky and von Keyserlingk, 2017;Honig et al, 2012;Anderson et al, 2013;Valtorta and Gallardo, 2004). Depending on the boundary conditions some of those measures may become more suitable than others.…”

Section: Adaptation Options For Animal Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios – uncertainties and potential impacts

Hempel¹,

Menz²,

Pinto³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. In the last decades, an exceptional global warming trend was observed. Along with the temperature increase, modifications in the humidity and wind regime amplify the regional and local impacts on livestock husbandry. Direct impacts include the occurrence of climatic stress conditions. In Europe, cows are economically highly relevant and are mainly kept in naturally ventilated buildings that are most susceptible to climate change. The high-yielding cows are particularly vulnerable to heat stress. Modifications in housing management are the main measures taken to improve the ability of livestock to cope with these conditions. Measures are, however, typically taken in direct reaction to uncomfortable conditions instead of in anticipation of a long term risk for climatic stress. Moreover, measures that balance welfare, environmental and economic issues are barely investigated in the context of climate change and are thus almost not available for commercial farms. Quantitative analysis of the climate change impacts on the animal welfare and linked economic and environmental factors are rare. Therefore, we used a numerical modeling approach to estimate the future heat stress risk in such dairy cattle husbandry systems. The indoor climate was monitored inside three reference barns in Central Europe and in the Mediterranean region. An artificial neuronal network (ANN) was trained to relate the outdoor weather conditions provided by official meteorological weather stations to the measured indoor microclimate. Subsequently, this ANN model was driven by an ensemble of regional climate model projections with three different greenhouse gas concentration scenarios. For the evaluation of the heat stress risk, we considered the amount and duration of heat stress events. Based on the changes of the heat stress events various economic and environmental impacts were estimated. We found that the impacts of the projected increase of heat stress risk vary dependent on the region respectively the barn, the climate model and the assumed greenhouse gas concentration. There was an overall increasing trend in number and duration of heat stress events. At the end of the century, the number of annual stress events can be expected to increase by up to 2000 hours while the average duration of the events increases by up to 22 h compared to the end of the last century. This implies strong impacts on economics, environment and animal welfare and an urgent need for mid-term adaptation strategies. We anticipated that up to one tenth of all hours of a year respectively one third of all days will be classified as critical heat stress conditions. Due to heat stress, milk yield may decrease by about 3.5 % relative to the present European milk yield and farmers may expect financial losses in the summer season of about 6.6 % of their monthly income. In addition, an increasing demand for emission reduction measures must be expected, as an emission increase of about 16 Gg ammonia and 0.1 Gg methane per year can be expected under the anticipated heat stress conditions. The cattle respiration rate increases by up to 60 % and the standing time may be prolonged by 1 h. This promotes health issues and increases the probability of medical treatments. The various impacts imply feedback loops in the climate system which are presently underexplored. Hence, future in-depth studies on the different impacts and adaptation options at different stress levels are highly recommended.

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A systematic review of non-productivity-related animal-based indicators of heat stress resilience in dairy cattle

Cited by 86 publications

References 96 publications

Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios – uncertainties and potential impacts

Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios – uncertainties and potential impacts

Estrés calórico y conteo de dípteros hematófagos en sistemas silvopastoriles de estratos múltiples

Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios – uncertainties and potential impacts

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