A systematic review of shoulder injury prevalence, proportion, rate, type, onset, severity, mechanism and risk factors in female artistic gymnasts

Hinds, Nicole; Angioi, Manuela; Birn-Jeffery, Aleksandra V.; Twycross-Lewis, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.11.012

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Because gymnastic activities expose the shoulder to repetitive motion, high-impact loading, axial compression, torsional forces, and distraction and combine these forces with varying degrees of glenohumeral joint position, the shoulder is predisposed to high rates of injury. 13 The prevalence of shoulder pain among high-level club and collegiate gymnasts is 17%, and the injury rate of the shoulder is higher in male gymnasts. 5,11,32 The shoulder can be subjected to forces up to 8.5 times body weight during gymnastic activities.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Stress Distribution Patterns Across the Shoulder Joint in Gymnasts: A Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Study

Momma

Iwamoto

Endo

et al. 2020

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: The distribution pattern of subchondral bone density is an indicator of stress distribution over a joint surface under long-term physiologic loading. The biomechanical characteristics of the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint in gymnasts can be determined by measuring this distribution pattern. Purpose: To evaluate the distribution of subchondral bone density across the shoulder joint in male collegiate gymnasts and to determine the effects of gymnastic activities on its articular surfaces under long-term loading conditions using computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CTOAM). Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: CT image data were obtained from both shoulders of 12 asymptomatic male collegiate gymnasts (gymnast group; mean age, 19.4 years; range, 18-22 years) and 10 male collegiate volunteers (control group; mean age, 20.2 years; range, 18-22 years). The distribution pattern of subchondral bone density across the articular surfaces of each shoulder joint was assessed by CTOAM. Quantitative analysis was performed of the locations and percentages of high-density areas on the articular surface. Results: Stress distribution patterns over the articular surfaces differed between the gymnasts and the controls. In the gymnasts, high-density areas were detected on the posterosuperior articular surface of the humeral head and the anterosuperior and/or posterosuperior articular surface of the glenoid. Mean bone density was greater in the gymnasts than in the controls ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Stress distribution over the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint was affected by gymnastic activities. Stress was concentrated over the superior part of the glenohumeral joint in male collegiate gymnasts. Clinical Relevance: The present findings suggest that gymnastic activities increase stress to the articular surfaces of the superior glenohumeral joint. This supports the notion that mechanical conditions play a crucial role in the origin of disorders particular to gymnastic activities.

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confidence: 99%

Stress Distribution Patterns Across the Shoulder Joint in Gymnasts: A Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Study

Momma

Iwamoto

Endo

et al. 2020

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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“…These results complement previous findings for CrossFit participants ( Mangine et al, 2020 ), offering further insight into shoulder muscle performance and injury risk in this athletic population. Indeed, in sports with a high incidence of shoulder injuries, such as handball and artistic gymnastics ( Hinds et al, 2019 ; Moller et al, 2017 ), the evaluation of the IPSJ, particularly of the external/internal rotation ratio, can provide important information with respect to one’s risk of sustaining a shoulder injury. This is also applicable in sports with a high volume of overhead movements ( Ellenbecker & Davies, 2000 ) such as CrossFit, an activity in which the shoulder is typically one of the most commonly injured body parts ( Barranco-Ruiz et al, 2020 ; Carbone, Candela & Gumina, 2020 ; Da Costa et al, 2019 ; Dominski et al, 2018 ; Gean et al, 2020 ; Rodríguez et al, 2021 ; Summitt et al, 2016 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Isokinetic force-power profile of the shoulder joint in males participating in CrossFit training and competing at different levels

Torres-Banduc

Jerez‐Mayorga

Moran

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background As participants who engage in CrossFit training and competition perform a large volume of high intensity overhead activities, injuries to the shoulder are one of the most common in this sport. Previous research in other sports has indicated that the isokinetic force power profile of the shoulder joint (IPSJ) rotator muscles may assist in the prediction of shoulder injury. Aim Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the IPSJ in males engaged in CrossFit training at different competitive levels. Methods In a cross-sectional study design, participants (age, 24.1 ± 2.7 years) classified as ‘beginner’ (n = 6), ‘intermediate’ (n = 7) or ‘advanced’ (n = 9) provided informed consent to participate in this study. The IPSJ assessment involved rotational and diagonal movements, including internal and external shoulder rotator muscles, at both 180°.s−1 and 300°.s−1. The variables analysed were peak torque/body mass (%), mean power (W) and the external/internal peak torque/body mass ratio (%). A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the IPSJ of the three groups, with Dunn’s test used for post-hoc analysis. The alpha level was set at p < 0.05. Results The IPSJ showed greater torque and power values in those who competed at the advanced level as compared to those at a lower competitive level (i.e. intermediate, beginner). This was observed mainly for the internal rotation and internal diagonal movements at both 180°.s−1 and 300°.s−1. However, such differences between competitive levels were, in general, absent for the external rotation and external diagonal movements. Moreover, the participants from the advanced competitive level exhibited an imbalance of peak torque between the muscles responsible for the external–internal rotational and external-internal diagonal movements of the shoulder (i.e. peak torque external/internal ratio <66%), particularly in the dominant shoulder. Conclusion These findings suggest greater development of the shoulder internal rotators and a higher probability of shoulder injury in CrossFit athletes at the advanced competitive level. Based on these results, participants engaged in CrossFit training and competition may wish to increase the volume of training for the shoulder external rotator muscles to complement the large increases in shoulder internal rotator strength that occur as a part of their regular training regimes.

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“…The quality of a study was evaluated according to the percentage of the maximum score obtained (>50% good, 30–50% regular, <30% bad). ( Ahmed et al, 2020 ; Hinds et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and lethality by SARS-CoV-2 in indigenous populations of Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review

Hernández-Vasquéz

Barrenechea-Pulache

Comandé

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has presented some of the highest numbers of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in the world. Even though indigenous communities represent 8% of the total population in this region, the impact of COVID-19 on this historically vulnerable population has only been briefly explored. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and lethality attributable to SARS-CoV-2 in the indigenous population of LAC. Methods A systematic review was conducted utilizing multiple databases (registry PROSPERO: CRD42020207862). Studies published in English, Spanish or Portuguese were selected between December 1st, 2019, and April 14th, 2021. The evaluation of the quality of the study was carried out utilizing the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. A qualitative synthesis of the data analyzed was conducted following the MOOSE and PRISMA declarations. Results Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Eleven studies were carried out in a Brazilian population, three in a Mexican population, and one in a Colombian population. Four studies reported data about the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in indigenous populations of Brazil (range: 4.2–81.65%). Twelve studies reported lethality in indigenous people (eight in Brazil, three in Mexico, and one in Colombia). In Brazil, a lethality of 53.30% was described in a hospital setting and between 1.83% and 4.03% in community studies. In Mexico, the lethality of COVID-19 ranged between 16.5% and 19.9%. Meanwhile, in Colombia, a lethality of 3.41% was reported. Most studies were deemed to be of good quality. Conclusions Despite COVID-19 affecting indigenous populations of LAC, there is limited evidence of the seroprevalence and lethality of the infection by SARS-CoV-2 in this population. Future investigations should ensure standardized methods that allow comparability among studies and ensure the precision of the results obtained.

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A systematic review of shoulder injury prevalence, proportion, rate, type, onset, severity, mechanism and risk factors in female artistic gymnasts

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Stress Distribution Patterns Across the Shoulder Joint in Gymnasts: A Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Study

Stress Distribution Patterns Across the Shoulder Joint in Gymnasts: A Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Study

Isokinetic force-power profile of the shoulder joint in males participating in CrossFit training and competing at different levels

Seroprevalence and lethality by SARS-CoV-2 in indigenous populations of Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review

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