A Systematic Review of the Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children Born Preterm

Cogley, Clodagh; O’Reilly, Helen; Bramham, Jessica; Downes, Michelle

doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01071-9

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Recent studies also highlighted that prematurity is associated with an increased risk for autism spectrum disorders [41]. At older ages, preterm infants' emotional and behavioral phenotype was described [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopmental outcome of Italian preterm ELBW infants: an eleven years single center cohort

Caporali

Longo²,

Tritto³

et al. 2022

Ital J Pediatr

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Background Preterm extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWi) are known to be at greater risk of developing neuropsychiatric diseases. Identifying early predictors of outcome is essential to refer patients for early intervention. Few studies have investigated neurodevelopmental outcomes in Italian ELBWi. This study aims to describe neurodevelopmental outcome at 24 months of corrected age in an eleven-year single-center cohort of Italian ELBWi and to identify early risk factors for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Methods All infants born with birth weight < 1000 g and admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the “Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo” hospital in Pavia, Italy, from Jan 1, 2005 to Dec 31, 2015 were eligible for inclusion. At 24 months, Griffiths’ Mental Developmental Scales Extended Revised (GMDS-ER) were administered. Neurodevelopmental outcome was classified as: normal, minor sequelae (minor neurological signs, General Quotient between 76 and 87), major sequelae (cerebral palsy; General Quotient ≤ 75; severe sensory impairment). Univariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were performed to analyze the correlation between neonatal variables and neurodevelopmental outcome. Results 176 ELBWi were enrolled (mean gestational age 26.52 weeks sd2.23; mean birthweight 777.45 g sd142.89). 67% showed a normal outcome at 24 months, 17% minor sequelae and 16% major sequelae (4.6% cerebral palsy on overall sample). The most frequent major sequela was cognitive impairment (8.52%). In the entire sample the median score on the Hearing-Speech subscale was lower than the median scores recorded on the other subscales and showed a significantly weaker correlation to each of the other subscales of the GMDS-ER. Severely abnormal cUS findings (RRR 10.22 p 0.043) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (RRR 4.36 p 0.008) were independent risk factors for major sequelae and bronchopulmonary dysplasia for minor sequelae (RRR 3.00 p 0.018) on multivariate multinomial logistic regression. Conclusions This study showed an improvement in ELBWI survival rate without neurodevelopmental impairment at 24 months compared to previously reported international cohorts. Cognitive impairment was the most frequent major sequela. Median scores on GMDS-ER showed a peculiar developmental profile characterized by a selective deficit in the language domain. Severely abnormal cUS findings and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were confirmed as independent risk factors for major sequelae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodevelopmental outcome of Italian preterm ELBW infants: an eleven years single center cohort

Caporali

Longo²,

Tritto³

et al. 2022

Ital J Pediatr

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“…In support, here we show that a single injection of LPS induced neuropathology associated with ASD-like phenotypic behaviour, suggesting that triggering immune responses early in life plays an important role in the aetiology of ASD. Similarly, a recent clinical study showed that inflammation in preterm children without severe neonatal brain lesions was associated with inferior social ability (Cogley et al, 2020;Giraud et al, 2020). Preterm infants have an increased susceptibility to infections, which may be related to their immature immune system (Currie et al, 2011;Howson et al, 2013;Wynn et al, 2009).…”

Section: Pia Alters Density Of Different Types Of Neuronal Spines In ...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Reelin cells and sex‐dependent synaptopathology in autism following postnatal immune activation

Ardalan

Chumak

Quist

et al. 2022

British J Pharmacology

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Background and Purpose: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders with considerably increased risk in male infants born preterm and with neonatal infection. Here, we investigated the role of postnatal immune activation on hippocampal synaptopathology by targeting Reelin+ cells in mice with ASD-like behaviours.Experimental Approach: C57/Bl6 mouse pups of both sexes received lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mgÁkg À1 ) on postnatal day (P) 5. At P45, animal behaviour was examined by marble burying and sociability test, followed by ex vivo brain MRI diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). Hippocampal synaptogenesis, number and morphology of Reelin+ cells, and mRNA expression of trans-synaptic genes, including neurexin-3, neuroligin-1, and cell-adhesion molecule nectin-1, were analysed at P12 and P45.

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“…Two further highlighted risk factors concern parental age and the newborn gender. Several studies have shown that maternal and/or paternal age 87,88 , and male gender 89,90 were associated with an increased risk of child neurodevelopmental outcomes such as ASD. In our meta-analysis, neither parental age or newborn genders were found to influence risk following exposure to air pollutants.…”

Section: Influence Of Sociodemographic and Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, our meta-regressions analyzed whether air pollution modifies this risk depending on parental age or newborn genders. Other investigated putative risk factors for ASD include maternal food intake 91 , low birthweight or preterm birth 89,92 . As these factors were not assessed in the articles included in our meta-analysis, further analyses were precluded.…”

Section: Influence Of Sociodemographic and Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism spectrum disorder and air pollution: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Dutheil

Comptour

Morlon

et al. 2021

Environmental Pollution

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A Systematic Review of the Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children Born Preterm

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Neurodevelopmental outcome of Italian preterm ELBW infants: an eleven years single center cohort

Neurodevelopmental outcome of Italian preterm ELBW infants: an eleven years single center cohort

Reelin cells and sex‐dependent synaptopathology in autism following postnatal immune activation

Autism spectrum disorder and air pollution: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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