A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine on cognition, quality of life and adverse events in Alzheimer's disease

Takeda, Andrea; Loveman, Emma; Clegg, AJ; Kirby, Joanna; Picot, Joanna; Payne, Liz; Green, C.

doi:10.1002/gps.1402

Cited by 197 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Both are current therapies for Alzheimer's disease and have been shown to improve cognitive ability in Alzheimer's disease patients (Burns et al, 1999;Winblad et al, 2001Winblad et al, , 2006Peskind et al, 2006;Takeda et al, 2006). In the present study, both of these compounds also increased the distance moved in response to the acoustic stimulus in a similar manner to rolipram.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Non-Associative Learning in Larval Zebrafish

Best¹,

Berghmans²,

Hunt³

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

216

150

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Habituation, where a response is reduced when exposed to a continuous stimulus is one of the simplest forms of non-associative learning and has been shown in a number of organisms from sea slugs to rodents. However, very little has been reported in the zebrafish, a model that is gaining popularity for high-throughput compound screens. Furthermore, since most of the studies involving learning and memory in zebrafish have been conducted in adults, we sought to determine if zebrafish larvae could display non-associative learning and whether it could be modulated by compounds identified in previous rodent studies. We demonstrated that zebrafish larvae (7 days post fertilization) exhibit iterative reduction in a startle response to a series of acoustic stimuli. Furthermore, this reduction satisfied criteria for habituation: spontaneous recovery, more rapid reductions in startle to shorter intertrial intervals and dishabituation. We then investigated the pathways mediating this behavior using established compounds in learning and memory. Administration of rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor), donepezil (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor), and memantine (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist) all increased the acoustic startle response and decreased habituation in the larvae, similar to previous rodent studies. Further studies demonstrated that NMDA blocked the memantine response and the effect of donepezil was blocked by mecamylamine but not atropine suggesting that the donepezil response was mediated by nicotinic rather than muscarinic receptors. Zebrafish larvae possess numerous advantages for medium to high-throughput screening; the model described herein therefore offers the potential to screen for additional compounds for further study on cognition function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Non-Associative Learning in Larval Zebrafish

Best¹,

Berghmans²,

Hunt³

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

216

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A systematic review published in early 2006 also concluded that use of ChEIs resulted in statistically significant improvement of ADAS-cog scores, compared with placebo; however, the improvements in QOL measures were mixed, and the impact on QOL could not be assessed with certainty. 37 This review concluded that ChEIs could delay cognitive impairment in mildly to moderately severe AD for at least 6 months and mentioned the limited ability of outcome measures to detect clinically significant change in treated patients. In terms of efficacy, a 2006 Cochrane review stated that, despite the slight variations in modes of action, there was no evidence of any differences among the 3 drugs.…”

Section: Cholinesterase Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer Disease

Seow

Gauthier

2007

Can J Psychiatry

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“…Det er ikke vist i noen undersøkelser at kolinesterasehemmere, som hindrer nedbrytning av acetylkolin, har en annen effekt hos yngre med Alzheimers demens enn hos eldre (42). Nytten av behandling med kolinesterasehemmere eller N-metyl-D-aspartat (NMDA)-antagonister må vurderes hos hver enkelt pasient.…”

Section: Behandling Forløp Og Prognoseunclassified