A Systematic Review on Current Research Trends in Electrosurgical Systems

Abstract

The use of electrosurgery (also referred to as radiosurgery) is a type of surgery that uses electrical currents in order to perform the surgery. This type of surgery dates back to more than 100 years. For over five decades, different reviews have been conducted in the field of electrosurgery. This has led to a dramatic increase in interest in electrosurgery, resulting to an incredible intervention in microvascular surgery that has provoked the most noteworthy use of radio frequency instruments. The controlled and exact use of these radio frequency electrical current on delicate tissue sites to be cut is accomplished by methods for deliberately composed anodes. This is a persistently advancing field with dynamic research going on in various new applications. There are different sorts of surgery, which can be delivered with high recurrence instruments such as Diathermy, Bipolar, and Monopolar. This paper performs a systematic review by extracting information from a wide variety of research papers in electrosurgery topics. The purpose of a systematic review is to classify and categorize the field of electrosurgery in an unbiased way, listing the current existing trends in electrosurgery, can lead to the classification and understanding of electrosurgery as a whole, and to predict the future direction of the field by analyzing the research interest over the last couple of years.

Advanced Intelligent Systems for Surgical Robotics

“…Its working principle is based on high frequency (100 kHz to a few hundred MHz) and alternative electric current at various voltages (0.2-10 kV) which generates heat to cut, coagulate, dissect, fulgurate, ablate, and shrink tissue. [280] The intensity of these thermal effects determines tissue behavior such as devitalization starting at around 60 C and vaporization of the tissue fluid at about 100 C. The main difference between electrocautery and electrosurgery is the intrinsic source of heat. The heating of electrocautery is exogenous, meaning that surgical effects are caused by a heated metallic instrument compared with the endogenous source of electrosurgery generated by the current flow in the tissue itself.…”

“…[282] Diathermy can be divided into three major categories: shortwave, microwave, and US. [280] The shortwave diathermy technique uses high-frequency electromagnetic energy with a frequency generally of 27.12 MHz and a wavelength of around 11 m to generate heat. This approach is typically prescribed for pain relief and muscle spasms.…”

“…Electrosurgical technology has become an essential component for all specialized surgeries ranging from conventional surgery, laparoscopic surgery, and endoscopic surgery. Its working principle is based on high frequency (100 kHz to a few hundred MHz) and alternative electric current at various voltages (0.2 kV to 10 kV) which generates heat to cut, coagulate, dissect, fulgurate, ablate and shrink tissue [239] . The intensity of these thermal effects determines tissue behavior such as devitalization starting at around 60°C and vaporization of the tissue fluid at about 100°C.…”

“…The use of heat offers many advantages over the conventional knives as it can relieve pain, increase blood flow, accelerate healing, minimize inflammation and reduce fluid retention [241] . Diathermy can be divided into three major categories: shortwave, microwave, and ultrasound [239] . The shortwave diathermy technique uses high-frequency electromagnetic energy with a frequency generally of 27.12 MHz and a wavelength of around 11 meters to generate heat.…”