A Systematic Review on the Implication of Minerals in the Onset, Severity and Treatment of Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Abstract:Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease with high prevalence in adults that leads to destruction of the teeth-supporting tissues. Periodontal therapy has been traditionally directed at reduction of the bacterial load to a level that encourages health-promoting bacteria and maintenance of oral-hygiene. The role of nutrition in different chronic inflammatory diseases has been the subject of an increasing body of research in the last decades. In this sense, there has been an important increase in the volume of research on role of nutrition in periodontitis since the diet has known effects on the immune system and inflammatory cascades. Minerals play a key role in all these processes due to the multiple pathways where they participate. To clarify the role of the different minerals in the establishment, progression and/or treatment of this pathology, a systemically review of published literature cited in PubMed until May 2016 was conducted, which included research on the relationship of these elements with the onset and progression of periodontal disease. Among all the minerals, calcium dietary intake seems important to maintain alveolar bone. Likewise, dietary proportions of minerals that may influence its metabolism also can be relevant. Lastly, some observations suggest that all those minerals with roles in immune and/or antioxidant systems should be considered in future research.

Diet quality and periodontal disease: Results from the oral infections, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance study (ORIGINS)

“…Adequate intake of calcium in the diet may influence bone remodelling, which is pivotal in the health of the periodontium (Varela-Lopez et al, 2016b). However, there are many methodological limitations with current studies to interpret current data examining the association between vitamin supplementation, different food and vitamin consumption, and periodontal health status (Najeeb et al, 2016;Varela-Lopez et al, 2016b). Therefore, further analysis is required.…”

Nutraceuticals in Periodontal Health: A Systematic Review on the Role of Vitamins in Periodontal Health Maintenance

“…Actually, the consumption of specific foods or extracts of specific foods have been shown to have an effect on both the oral health and the general health of patients with periodontal disease [ 6 , 7 , 15 ]. Among dietary factors, those nutrients that exert antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects [ 6 , 7 , 16 , 17 ] or are implicated in bone metabolism [ 6 , 7 , 18 ] could be a promising candidate for the prevention or the management of periodontal diseases. Vitamins that have been recommended as nutraceuticals for prevention and treatment of some pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity or cancer [ 6 , 19 ], could have an interesting role.…”

Regular dental attendance and periodontal health knowledge: A cross‐sectional survey

“…These inflammatory reactions are a response to the biofilm accumulated on tooth surfaces in the absence of adequate oral hygiene (Botero, Rodríguez, & Agudelo‐Suárez, ). As the ultimate cause of periodontitis is the accretion of bacteria around teeth, treatments are traditionally focused on reaching a bacterial load compatible with periodontal health (Varela‐López, Giampieri, Bullón, Battino, & Quiles, ).…”