A systemic review of tuberculosis with HIV coinfection in children

Naidoo, Jaishree; Mahomed, Nasreen; Moodley, Halvani

doi:10.1007/s00247-017-3895-9

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Unremitting cough, fever, weight loss/failure to thrive and lymphadenopathy coupled with a positive history of exposure to tuberculosis are common signs and symptoms associated with Tuberculosis in children. In children infected with HIV the same features may represent a myriad of other conditions (Naidoo et al 2017). In our study, only generalized lymphadenopathy, weight loss and difficulty in breathing were independently associated with culture positive Tuberculosis.…”

Section: Clinical Predictors Of Culture Positive Tuberculosis Among Hiv Infected Childrensupporting

confidence: 42%

Prevalence of culture positive Tuberculosis and utility of a clinical diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of Tuberculosis among HIV Infected Children attending HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment in Dodoma Municipality, Central Tanzania

Mutabazi

Jumanne

Mpondo

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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To evaluate the performance of the modified Keith Edwards TB clinical diagnostic tool among HIV infected children. Methods: Cross sectional study of 252 HIV infected children < 15 years old suspected with TB at four HIV/AIDS Care Clinics in Dodoma, Tanzania from November 2018 -March 2019. The modified Keith Edwards TB clinical diagnostic tool was compared to gastric aspirates, lymphnode aspirates or sputum gene x-pert MTB/RIF and TB culture. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value of the clinical tool were determined. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: Out of 252 children evaluated, 13.5% (34/252) had TB using the clinical diagnostic tool and 5.2% (13/252) had culture positive TB. The sensitivity of the clinical tool was 76.9%, specificity of 90%. Culture positive TB predictors were lymphadenopathy (AOR 13.74,) p value < 0.001), weight loss (AOR 3.19,95%CI (1.38 -7.36) p value 0.007), and difficulty breathing (AOR 7.25,) p value 0.012). Conclusion:The utility of the modified Keith Edwards clinical diagnostic tool for Tuberculosis diagnosis among HIV infected children is limited, calling for further validation. HIV infected children with lymphadenopathy, failure to thrive and difficulty in breathing are at high risk of Tuberculosis.

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Section: Clinical Predictors Of Culture Positive Tuberculosis Among Hiv Infected Childrensupporting

confidence: 42%

Prevalence of culture positive Tuberculosis and utility of a clinical diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of Tuberculosis among HIV Infected Children attending HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment in Dodoma Municipality, Central Tanzania

Mutabazi

Jumanne

Mpondo

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…The epidemiology of TB has been adversely impacted by HIV. Children with HIV often present without the classic imaging features of TB [ 63 ]. Understanding these features and training an algorithm to detect the pertinent signs and triage these patients can provide a solution in identifying the many patients who are missed in screening programmes.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Directions Of Artificial Intelligence ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence in Paediatric Tuberculosis

et al. 2023

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Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a leading cause of death in children despite global efforts focused on early diagnosis and interventions to limit the spread of the disease. This challenge has been made more complex in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, which has disrupted the “End TB Strategy” and framework set out by the World Health Organization (WHO). Since the inception of artificial intelligence (AI) more than 60 years ago, the interest in AI has risen and more recently we have seen the emergence of multiple real-world applications, many of which relate to medical imaging. Nonetheless, real-world AI applications and clinical studies are limited in the niche area of paediatric imaging. This review article will focus on how AI, or more specifically deep learning, can be applied to TB diagnosis and management in children. We describe how deep learning can be utilised in chest imaging to provide computer-assisted diagnosis to augment workflow and screening efforts. We also review examples of recent AI applications for TB screening in resource constrained environments and we explore some of the challenges and the future directions of AI in paediatric TB.

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“…WHO merekomendasikan inisiasi pengobatan TB untuk anak-anak dengan gambaran klinis yang sangat sugestif meskipun peningkatan ketersediaan dan pemanfaatan x-pert MTB untuk konfirmasi diagnosis Tuberkulosis pada anak-anak (WHO, 2014) Identifikasi tanda dan gejala klinis spesifik yang terkait dengan TB kultur positif di antara anak yang terinfeksi HIV akan meningkatkan akurasi diagnostik alat diagnostik klinis yang saat ini digunakan untuk diagnosis empiris Tuberkulosis. Batuk tak henti-hentinya, demam, penurunan berat badan/gagal tumbuh dan limfadenopati ditambah dengan riwayat pajanan tuberkulosis yang positif adalah tanda dan gejala umum yang terkait dengan Tuberkulosis pada anak-anak dan gambaran ciri khas yang sama pada anak-anak yang terinfeksi HIV (Naidoo, Mahomed and Moodley, 2017) Infeksi opportunistik dalam penelitian ini paling banyak adalah Tb paru yaitu sebesar 5,3%. Menurut Venturini (2014) mengatatakan bahwa satu dari delapan insiden kasus TB terjadi pada anak yang terinfeksi HIV (Venturini et al, 2014).…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Kondisi Klinis dan Determinan Status Gizi Anak dengan HIV/AIDS (ADHA)

Sitorus

Camelia²,

Maryatun³

et al. 2022

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Globally, nearly 2.6 million children under 15 years of age have been infected with HIV with 40-64% experiencing malnutrition. Children born to HIV-positive mothers with CD4 <200 cells/mm3 are more likely to have poor birth outcomes, increase infant morbidity and mortality, and the development of comorbidities. Viral suppression from a young age in children with Perinatal HIV (PHIV) continues to show neurocognitive deficits. This study aims to determine the clinical conditions and determinants of the nutritional status of children with HIV/AIDS. This research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. The study population was pediatric patients with HIV/AIDS who reached health services at M. Hosein Hospital Palembang from 2019-May 2022 with a total sample of 75 ADHA. The data were analyzed descriptively and bivariate. The results showed the nutritional status of ADHA. The results showed that the nutritional status of ADHA for women was higher than for ADHA for men, but not significantly different with 0.817>alpha (0.05). In this study, the average nutritional status of ADHA who did not have comorbidities was higher than that of ADHA who had comorbidities. The average difference in nutritional status was statistically significant with a p-value of 0.018<alpha (0.05). From this study, it can be concluded that the potential risk of HIV transmission to children from a mother with HIV is very high. The impact of HIV on children is the low nutritional status so it has an impact on opportunistic infections.

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A systemic review of tuberculosis with HIV coinfection in children

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Prevalence of culture positive Tuberculosis and utility of a clinical diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of Tuberculosis among HIV Infected Children attending HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment in Dodoma Municipality, Central Tanzania

Prevalence of culture positive Tuberculosis and utility of a clinical diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of Tuberculosis among HIV Infected Children attending HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment in Dodoma Municipality, Central Tanzania

Artificial Intelligence in Paediatric Tuberculosis

Kondisi Klinis dan Determinan Status Gizi Anak dengan HIV/AIDS (ADHA)

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