A T1, T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-fluorescent imaging (FI) by using ultrasmall mixed gadolinium–europium oxide nanoparticles

Xu, Wenlong; Park, Ja Young; Kattel, Krishna; Bony, Badrul Alam; Heo, Woo Choul; Jin, Seong-Uk; Park, Jang Woo; Chang, Yongmin; Yeon, Ji; Chae, Kwon Seok; Kim, Tae Jeong; Park, Ji Ae; Kwak, Young‐Woo; Lee, Gang Ho

doi:10.1039/c2nj40149e

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Measured on 7.0 or 1.5 T, the r 1 is respectively 19.9 ± 0.8 or 68.7 ± 2.3 mM −1 s −1 , and the r 2 / r 1 is respectively 2.75 ± 0.23 or 1.03 ± 0.03. Although ES‐GON5‐PAA@RGD2 has a slightly lower r 1 and slightly higher r 2 / r 1 than that of ES‐GON5‐PAA, the r 1 of ES‐GON5‐PAA@RGD2 (68.7 ± 2.3 mM −1 s −1 ) is still much higher than the commercial Gd chelates ( ≈ 4 mM −1 s −1 ) and reported GONs (4.4–47.2 mM −1 s −1 ), and the r 2 / r 1 of ES‐GON5‐PAA@RGD2 (1.03 ± 0.03) is lower than the commercial Gd chelates (>1.1) and reported GONs (1.1–6.8) . The r 1 and r 2 changed with modifications of RGD2 because the conjugation reaction decreases the interaction between the H 2 O molecules and the naked Gd on the surface of ES‐GON5‐PAA.…”

Section: R1 and R2 Measured Using Different Mri Scanner Systemsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The r 1 values were 49.3 ± 2.4, 54.2 ± 3.0, 60.7 ± 1.9, 65.7 ± 2.6, 70.2 ± 1.8, and 4.20 ± 0.16 mM −1 s −1 , and the r 2 / r 1 ratios were 1.32 ± 0.10, 1.22 ± 0.08, 1.03 ± 0.02, 1.04 ± 0.08, 1.02 ± 0.03, and 1.08 ± 0.06 for ES‐GON1‐5‐PAA, and Magnevist ( Table 1 ). The r 1 of ES‐GON5‐PAA (70.2 ± 1.8 mM −1 s −1 ) was the highest and the r 2 / r 1 (1.02 ± 0.03) was the lowest among the commercial Gd chelates and reported GONs at 1.5 T …”

Section: R1 and R2 Measured Using Different Mri Scanner Systemsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In order to address the above‐mentioned problems, gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (GON) were proposed as T 1 ‐weighted MRI contrast agents with r 1 ranging from 4.4 to 47.2 mM −1 s −1 and r 2 / r 1 ( r 2 is transverse relaxivity) ranging from 1.1 to 6.8 . The r 2 / r 1 of the GON with the highest r 1 (47.2 mM −1 s −1 ) is 1.7 (at 1.4 T) that is not low, and the GON was synthesized by an oil phase method .…”

Section: R1 and R2 Measured Using Different Mri Scanner Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The common problem of the oil phase method is that the synthesized nanoparticles have a poor water dispersibility and need further ligand exchange or chemical modification for in vivo applications. Some of the reported GONs have an ultrasmall size (1–2 nm) . However, the water dispersibility of these ultrasmall GONs is not very good because they were synthesized by a polyol method, which is a common problem of non‐water phase method.…”

Section: R1 and R2 Measured Using Different Mri Scanner Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Exceedingly Small Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles with Remarkable Relaxivities for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors

Shen

Fan

Yáng

et al. 2019

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Gd chelates have occupied most of the market of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for decades. However, there have been some problems (nephrotoxicity, non‐specificity, and low r1) that limit their applications. Herein, a wet‐chemical method is proposed for facile synthesis of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) stabilized exceedingly small gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (ES‐GON‐PAA) with an excellent water dispersibility and a size smaller than 2.0 nm, which is a powerful T1‐weighted MRI contrast agent for diagnosis of diseases due to its remarkable relaxivities (r1 = 70.2 ± 1.8 mM−1 s−1, and r2/r1 = 1.02 ± 0.03, at 1.5 T). The r1 is much higher and the r2/r1 is lower than that of the commercial Gd chelates and reported gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (GONs). Further ES‐GON‐PAA is developed with conjugation of RGD2 (RGD dimer) (i.e., ES‐GON‐PAA@RGD2) for T1‐weighted MRI of tumors that overexpress RGD receptors (i.e., integrin αvβ3). The maximum signal enhancement (ΔSNR) for T1‐weighted MRI of tumors reaches up to 372 ± 56% at 2 h post‐injection of ES‐GON‐PAA@RGD2, which is much higher than commercial Gd‐chelates (<80%). Due to the high biocompatibility and high tumor accumulation, ES‐GON‐PAA@RGD2 with remarkable relaxivities is a promising and powerful T1‐weighted MRI contrast agent.

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Section: R1 and R2 Measured Using Different Mri Scanner Systemsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: R1 and R2 Measured Using Different Mri Scanner Systemsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: R1 and R2 Measured Using Different Mri Scanner Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: R1 and R2 Measured Using Different Mri Scanner Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exceedingly Small Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles with Remarkable Relaxivities for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors

Shen

Fan

Yáng

et al. 2019

Small

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“…There is a continuing research interest in mixed lanthanide oxide nanoparticles because they have both magnetic and fluorescent properties useful for dual imaging in biomedicine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 . By using different lanthanide ions in synthesis, a variety of mixed lanthanide oxide nanoparticles can be synthesized.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed lanthanide oxide nanoparticles as dual imaging agent in biomedicine

Bony

Kim

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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There is no doubt that the molecular imaging is an extremely important technique in diagnosing diseases. Dual imaging is emerging as a step forward in molecular imaging technique because it can provide us with more information useful for diagnosing diseases than single imaging. Therefore, diverse dual imaging modalities should be developed. Molecular imaging generally relies on imaging agents. Mixed lanthanide oxide nanoparticles could be valuable materials for dual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-fluorescent imaging (FI) because they have both excellent and diverse magnetic and fluorescent properties useful for dual MRI-FI, depending on lanthanide ions used. Since they are mixed nanoparticles, they are compact, robust, and stable, which is extremely useful for biomedical applications. They can be also easily synthesized with facile composition control. In this study, we explored three systems of ultrasmall mixed lanthanide (Dy/Eu, Ho/Eu, and Ho/Tb) oxide nanoparticles to demonstrate their usefulness as dual T2 MRI–FI agents.

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Hierarchical Gadolinium Oxide Microspheres for Enzymeless Electro‐biosensors in Hydrogen Peroxide Dynamic Detection

et al. 2016

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A porous gadolinium oxide spherically hierarchical structure (Gd2O3‐ms) has been developed by using a hydrothermal method to perform enzymeless dynamic detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), based on its high sensitivity in electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy have assisted in shedding light on the morphology, material formation process, structure, and properties of the porous gadolinium oxide microspheres. The linear range from 1 to 450 μM (linear correlation coefficient 0.991), sensitivity of 13.9 μA mM−1, and fine detection limit with a prompt current response attaining stable value were achieved by this enzymeless sensor, which was also employed to implement the dynamic tracing of H2O2‐releasing processes.

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A T1, T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-fluorescent imaging (FI) by using ultrasmall mixed gadolinium–europium oxide nanoparticles

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Exceedingly Small Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles with Remarkable Relaxivities for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors

Exceedingly Small Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles with Remarkable Relaxivities for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors

Mixed lanthanide oxide nanoparticles as dual imaging agent in biomedicine

Hierarchical Gadolinium Oxide Microspheres for Enzymeless Electro‐biosensors in Hydrogen Peroxide Dynamic Detection

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