“…More importantly, the impact of technological change on executive education in the business school has been apparent over the past 20 years, with the evolution of online course offerings, learning management systems and opportunities for asynchronous and synchronous contact (Garrett et al , 2016; Kaplan and Haenlein, 2016). Recently, it is argued that the pace and impact of technological change is much greater than in the past (Anderson et al , 2020; Walsh and Powell, 2020; Verstegen et al , 2018) and that specific emerging online technologies are profoundly reframing business school education (Crampton et al , 2021; Peterson, 2021; Smith and Keaveney, 2017). The emerging technologies include adaptive learning systems, artificial intelligence, student analytics, the elevation of instructional design, open access resources and X-Reality (cross reality) (Crampton et al , 2021).…”