A Technique for Electronically Recording Aphid Feeding and Salivation

McLean, D. L.; Kinsey, M. G.

doi:10.1038/2021358a0

Cited by 379 publications

(225 citation statements)

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“…Plant penetration behavior of the aphid was monitored by application of the dc EPG technique, and waveforms were displayed and recorded by using Giga hardware and PROBE software (both from Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands) (30,32,39,40). A gold wire electrode (2 cm long and 20 m in diameter) was attached to the dorsum of each aphid by using electrically conductive silver glue (Electrolube, Swadlincote, U.K.), and the electrode was connected to the input of an EPG amplifier.…”

Section: Epg Recording and Long-distance Signaling In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular sabotage of plant defense by aphid saliva

Will

Tjallingii

Thönnessen

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

455

413

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Aphids, which constitute one of the most important groups of agricultural pests, ingest nutrients from sieve tubes, the photoassimilate transport conduits in plants. Aphids are able to successfully puncture sieve tubes with their piercing mouthparts (stylets) and ingest phloem sap without eliciting the sieve tubes' normal occlusion response to injury. Occlusion mechanisms are calciumtriggered and may be prevented by chemical constituents in aphid saliva injected into sieve tubes before and during feeding. We recorded aphid feeding behavior with the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique and then experimentally induced sieve tube plugging. Initiation of sieve tube occlusion caused a change in aphid behavior from phloem sap ingestion to secretion of watery saliva. Direct proof of ''unplugging'' properties of aphid saliva was provided by the effect of aphid saliva on forisomes. Forisomes are proteinaceous inclusions in sieve tubes of legumes that show calcium-regulated changes in conformation between a contracted state (below calcium threshold) that does not occlude the sieve tubes and a dispersed state (above calcium threshold) that occludes the sieve tubes. We demonstrated in vitro that aphid saliva induces dispersed forisomes to revert back to the nonplugging contracted state. Labeling Western-blotted saliva proteins with 45 Ca 2؉ or ruthenium red inferred the presence of calcium-binding domains. These results demonstrate that aphid saliva has the ability to prevent sieve tube plugging by molecular interactions between salivary proteins and calcium. This provides aphids with access to a continuous flow of phloem sap and is a critical adaptation instrumental in the evolutionary success of aphids.calcium-binding ͉ plant-aphid interaction ͉ plugging ͉ saliva proteins ͉ sieve element

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Section: Epg Recording and Long-distance Signaling In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular sabotage of plant defense by aphid saliva

Will

Tjallingii

Thönnessen

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

455

413

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“…Aphids for EPG recording were attached to a gold wire (f18 mm) by means of a water-based glue droplet containing silver particles, as originally described. 14,15 Signals were acquired at a sampling rate of 100 Hz, digitized with a built-in converter, and analyzed using StyletC software (EPG Systems, Netherlands) on a PC. Since the input resistance (Ri) of the DC-EPG amplifier was 1GV, the measured voltage differences were calibrated with a pulse of known voltage (in this case, 50 mV), in order to compensate for the attenuation of the membrane potential changes due to the relatively low Ri.…”

Section: Electrophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The AKT2 potassium channel mediates NaCl induced depolarization in the root ofArabidopsis thaliana

Salvador-Recatalà

2016

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…The standard technique for studying feeding behavior in triatomines was developed in the 1970's by Smith & Friend, based on the models already used for studies of aphids (McLean & Kinsey, 1964;Tjallingii, 1985). Smith & Friend (1970) observed the action of the cibarial pump using an electrical resistance technique, carrying out modifications in order to capture clear signals.…”

Section: History Of the Use Of Electrical Recording In The Study Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%