“…The formation of twins, bending planes and micro-cracks according to the mechanisms observed by (Freise and Kelly, 1961) in single crystals of graphite is then energetically favorable, as these defects diminish the in-plane length of the platelets thereby decreasing the hoop stresses. Third, the existence of such twins and bending planes within the graphite platelets of different types of cast iron seems to be an experimentally accepted fact (Moumeni et al, 2012) (Moumeni et al, 2014) (Stefanescu et al, 2016). Even though there is no evidence yet that this is linked to the loading scenario just discussed, there is little doubt that it constitutes a valid proof of the occurrence of inelastic deformation within the nodule.…”