A temperature-responsive carbon black nanoparticle prepared by surface-induced reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization

Yang, Qiang; Wang, Li; Xiang, Weidong; Zhou, Jinghong; Tan, Qiao

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2007.02.064

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Carbon black nanoparticles (CB-NPs) are a relatively conductive carbon material composed of 90-99% elemental carbon. It is readily available and has been widely applied in the industry because of its low price (Yang et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the potential exposure risk and control for airborne titanium dioxide and carbon black nanoparticles in the workplace

Chio

Chou

et al. 2011

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the potential exposure risk and control for airborne titanium dioxide and carbon black nanoparticles in the workplace

Chio

Chou

et al. 2011

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Actually, SI-RAFT polymerization is am ore appropriate way for some functional polymers to be grafted onto solid surface, which has been confirmed in reported research. Yang et al reported the preparation of an ovel temperature sensitive CB particle by SI-RAFT polymerization (Yang et al, 2007e). First, 2-[(dodecylsulfanyl) carbonothioyl]-sulfanyl propanoic acid (DSCTSP) was immobilized on CB surface by acondensation reaction with hydroxyl groups (Fig.…”

Section: Grafting By Surface Initiated Reversible Addition Fragmentatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Research Progress on Polymer Grafted Carbon Black and Its Novel Applications

Ding

Wang

Yang

et al. 2013

International Polymer Processing

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Polymer grafting of carbon black (CB) has been intensely researched as polymer modificationi so ne of the effective means for improving the solubility and compatibility of carbon black. Recent advances in the polymer grafting methods allow the introduction of polymers with well controlled composition, structure and molecular weight onto the surface of CB. In addition, modification by functional polymers provides ap owerful impetus to extend the applications of polymer-CB composites such as sensitive materials. This review focuses on the development of these grafting polymerization methods and some novel applications of polymer grafted CB. 1I ntroductionCarbon black (CB) is the aggregate of carbon nanoparticles having ad iameter distribution from 10 to 400 nanometers. It is composed of 90 to 99 %c arbon and other elements such as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur. CB has been widely applied as pigments, reinforcingagent of rubber (Mahapatra and Tripathy, 2006), electromagnetic interference shielding materials (Mohanraj et al., 2006), antistatic materials and positive temperature coefficient materials (Oakey et al., 1999). Although it is so useful, the poor dispersibility and compatibility of CB in polymer matrices and solvents (especially in water) are still drawbacks that have to be overcome.The poor dispersibility and compatibility of CB are usually attributed to the strong tendency of CB nanoparticles to undergo agglomeration due to Van der Waals interactions.To improve the stability of CB in solvents and polymer matrices, many approaches such as oxidation of CB (by ozone, nitric oxide, oxygen, fluorine, hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite solution) and physical encapsulation of CB by polymers or surfactants were employed (Bechthold et al., 2000;Gabrielli et al., 1996;Li et al., 2003a;Li et al., 2005; Nagai et al., 1999;Xu et al., 2005). However, CB treated by these methods lacks the long-term dispersibility or compatibility.The oxidation effect will diminish when encountering impurities, and the physical encapsulation is also unreliable for the progressive detachment of polymers or surfactants from CB particles. Compared to the above methods, polymer grafting has been proved to be apromising approach to improve the solubility of CB. In this paper, the development of polymer grafting strategies to functionalize CB and some novel applications of polymer grafted CB were reviewed. 2P olymer Grafting MethodCB is composed of quasi-graphitic structural units and each carbon atom in the quasi-graphite lamella is on the symmetrical hexagon plane. The arrangement of the quasi-graphite lamella is out of order. CB primarily consists of carbon but heteroatoms, for example, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen would mingle in CB during its preparation.T hese heteroatoms exist in avariety of functional groups that include carboxyl, hydroxyl, quinone and lactonic group, which are the predominant functionalites on the surface of CB (Langley et al., 2006), as illustrated in Fig. 1.Because of the strong Van der Waals interacti...

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“…The preparation of well‐defined hybrid nanoparticles with tunable properties by modification of inorganic particles with organic polymer layers has received increasing interest in recent years . Polymers are either attached to the particle (“grafting to” approach) or grown from the surface (“grafting from” techniques) the latter allowing for higher grafting densities . Polymerization may be conventionally performed by (classical) radical polymerization starting with an initiator immobilized at the particle or by use of the so‐called living (or controlled) radical polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shielding Effects in Polymer‐Polymer Reactions, 6

Eisenhaber

Zifferer

2014

Macro Theory & Simulations

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Pairs of linear chains – the end segment of one of each fixed at a surface – are analyzed for the relative probability of mutual contact formation between particularly specified segments i and j belonging to different chains within these pairs. Several positions are of general interest only, while other portray specific experimental conditions, e.g., the basic step in surface initiated Z‐RAFT polymerization (contact of the end of the free chain with the anchored segment of the fixed one). Contact probabilities are calculated for athermal cubic lattice chains by means of exact enumeration. Basic results are chain‐length dependences of shielding factors Kij in form of scaling laws and changes of size and shape properties of the involved molecules while approaching and penetration as functions of chain separation.

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A temperature-responsive carbon black nanoparticle prepared by surface-induced reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Assessing the potential exposure risk and control for airborne titanium dioxide and carbon black nanoparticles in the workplace

Assessing the potential exposure risk and control for airborne titanium dioxide and carbon black nanoparticles in the workplace

Recent Research Progress on Polymer Grafted Carbon Black and Its Novel Applications

Shielding Effects in Polymer‐Polymer Reactions, 6

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