A Temporal-Spatial Analysis of Malaria Transmission in Adama, Ethiopia

Peterson, Ingrid; Borrell, Luisa N.; El‐Sadr, Wafaa; Teklehaimanot, Awash

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2009.08-0662

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…From descriptive analysis, it was apparent that most of P. falciparium malaria have occurred nearer to the Dam, within two kilometer radius of GGHD and showed reduction with distance from Dam. This finding is in line with previous local studies [18],[43],[44] though the earlier findings were not reported in terms of plasmodium species composition. However, adjusting for the population density revealed the risk of P. falciparium infection was higher beyond one km radius of the Dam, especially in the buffer zone two to three km of the Dam.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Dynamics of Plasmodium falciparium and Plasmodium vivaxin a micro-ecological setting, Southwest Ethiopia: effects of altitude and proximity to a dam

2014

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BackgroundRefining the spatial and temporal data on malaria transmissions at a defined ecological setting has practical implications for targeted malaria control and enhancing efficient allocation of resources. Spatial and temporal distribution of P. falciparium and P. vivax were explored around the Gilgel Gibe Hydroelectric Dam (GGHD) in southwest Ethiopia.MethodsA review of confirmed malaria episodes recorded over eight years at primary health services was conducted. Using individual identifiers and village names malaria records were cross-linked to location and individual records of Gilgel Gibe Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) data, which had already been geo-referenced. The study setting was categorized in to buffer zones with distance interval of one kilometer. Similarly, altitude of the area was categorized considering 100 meters height intervals. Incidence rate ratios were estimated using Poisson model for the buffer zones and for the altitudinal levels by adjusting for the underlying population density as an offset variable. Yearly temporal variations of all confirmed malaria cases were also evaluated based on the Poisson model using STATA statistical software version 12.ResultsA considerable proportion (45.0%) of the P. falciparium episodes were registered within one kilometer radius of the GGHD. P. falciparium showed increment with distance from the GGHD up to five kilometers and with altitude above 1900 meters while P. vivax exhibited the increase with distance but, decrease with the altitude. Both species showed significantly higher infection among males than females (P <0.01). Temporally, malaria episodes manifested significant increments in the years between 2006/7 to 2009/10 while reduction of the malaria episodes was indicated during 2004/5, 2005/6 and 2010/11 compared to 2003/4 (P <0.01). On average, P. vivax was 52% less than P. falciparium over the time period considered. P. vivax was significantly higher in the years 2004/5 to 2007/8 and 2010/11 (P <0.001).ConclusionsSpatial and temporal variations of malaria were observed. The spatial and temporal variations of malaria episodes were also different for the two main malaria species in the area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Dynamics of Plasmodium falciparium and Plasmodium vivaxin a micro-ecological setting, Southwest Ethiopia: effects of altitude and proximity to a dam

2014

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“…From spearman rank correlation analysis minimum temperature (p=0.034) significant positively related with total malaria and with Plasmodium falciparum (p=0.030) which is similar with study in Adama [7], Jimma [8] and Burundi [6]. Maximum temperature (p=0.020) significantly negatively correlated with total malaria cases it is also the same as study in Jimma [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

The Role of Temperature for Malaria Transmission in Gongi Kolela District, Amhara Regional State, North West Ethiopia

Brhanie¹

2016

Epidemiology (Sunnyvale)

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“…Large fields with loamy/clay soils tend to collect stagnant water from rivers and provide optimal conditions for anopheline breeding [32]. In Adama, Ethiopia, for example, households within 250 m of a floodplain have been shown to have a 22 times higher risk of contracting malaria than households further than 950 m away [33]. Sometimes it is the human activity associated with a setting that creates fertile conditions for vector breeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Contributing to Urban Malaria Transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Silva

Marshall

2012

Journal of Tropical Medicine

167

163

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Sub-Saharan Africa suffers by far the greatest malaria burden worldwide and is currently undergoing a profound demographic change, with a growing proportion of its population moving to urban areas. Urbanisation is generally expected to reduce malaria transmission; however the disease still persists in African cities, in some cases at higher levels than in nearby rural areas. Objective. This paper aims to collate and analyse risk factors for urban malaria transmission throughout sub-Saharan Africa and to discuss their implications for control. Methods. A systematic search on malaria and urbanisation was carried out focusing on sub-Saharan Africa. Particular interest was taken in vector breeding sites in urban and periurban areas. Results. A variety of urban vector breeding sites were catalogued, the majority of which were artificial, including urban agriculture, tyre tracks, and ditches. Natural breeding sites varied according to location. Low socioeconomic status was a significant risk factor for malaria, often present in peri-urban areas. A worrying trend was seen in the adaptation of malaria vector species to the urban environment. Urban malaria is highly focused and control programs should reflect this. Conclusion. As urbanisation continues and vector species adapt, continued monitoring and control of urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa is essential.

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A Temporal-Spatial Analysis of Malaria Transmission in Adama, Ethiopia

Cited by 37 publications

References 26 publications

Dynamics of Plasmodium falciparium and Plasmodium vivaxin a micro-ecological setting, Southwest Ethiopia: effects of altitude and proximity to a dam

Dynamics of Plasmodium falciparium and Plasmodium vivaxin a micro-ecological setting, Southwest Ethiopia: effects of altitude and proximity to a dam

The Role of Temperature for Malaria Transmission in Gongi Kolela District, Amhara Regional State, North West Ethiopia

Factors Contributing to Urban Malaria Transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

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