“…Nevertheless, wide band gap and fast recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs of pure TiO 2 significantly restrict its use under solar light due to only 5% UV light occupied in sunlight can be utilized [6,13]. Therefore, many approaches have been invented to synthesize TiO 2 -based photocatalysts to make use of both UV irradiation (290-400 nm) and visible light (400-700 nm) [13], including dye-sensitized [14,15], metal or nonmetal doped [13,[16][17][18], or coupling TiO 2 with a narrow band gap semiconductor material (Cu 2 O [19], CuS [20], WO 3 [21], CdS [7,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], etc. [36]).…”