The major tests of masculinity-femininity (M-F) in adults are reviewed with
special attention to the ways in which their construction and use reflect three
untested assumptions about the nature of the M-F construct: (a) that it is best
defined in terms of sex differences in item responses; (b) that it is a single
bipolar dimension ranging from extreme masculinity at one end to extreme
femininity at the other; and (c) that it is unidimensional in nature and can be
adequately measured by a single score. Evidence which questions the validity of
these assumptions and, therefore, of the tests of M-F is presented, with the
conclusion that further theoretical and empirical work is necessary in all
aspects of the problem.