Rapid Literature Review 2. INTRODUCTION This rapid literature review identifies effective practice in remote learning and synthesises key evidence relevant to education in Australia during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. It draws upon bodies of literature about education in emergencies, access and equity, distance education, blended learning, and quality teaching and learning using technology. The focus is primarily on Kindergarten to Year 12 schooling in Australia. Although large-scale remote learning has never been experienced before, it is possible to identify effective practice by using robust studies from non-pandemic-related literature. These insights can be considered in light of emergent literature, commentary in academic media and in journals, and information published on educational, government, and professional websites. The literature firstly examines education in emergencies, as this underpins the initial crisis approaches and preparedness for the shift to remote learning. The research in this area has a strong focus on implications for wellbeing. The review is then organised into sections that align with the four key themes identified in the literature: °Q uality teaching and learning °T echnology in education °C ontext is important °T he home learning environment. Pedagogical models and frameworks examined in the literature are presented and discussed in Appendix A. The structure of this review assists in providing clearer navigation of the complex learning contexts experienced by schools and families during this pandemic. Through this lens, schools and education sectors can reflect upon their response, how they might be best prepared for ongoing and future situations, and how schooling might be improved. 2.1 Definitions A wide body of literature from the past two decades has guided the way that learning is discussed across school and non-school settings. This is with or without the use of technology. Emergency remote teaching (ERT) is the definition best used to describe the approach to remote teaching and learning during the pandemic. It is a "temporary shift of instructional delivery" due to crisis circumstances (Hodges et al., 2020, n.p.). The differences between emergency remote teaching and well-planned online learning are discussed by Hodges et al., (2020), who make the important point that emergency remote teaching is a rapid approach that is unable to make full use of quality online learning design approaches (Hodges et al., 2020). Other definitions used in this review are located after the conclusion.