A Theoretical and Experimental Study for the Load Optimization of Gear-Like Profiles by Using Forward and Lateral Extrusion

Abstract

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the minimum deformation load by selecting a suitable forming method for manufacturing of gear-like sections and to compare the load estimation methods between Upper Bound Analysis and DEFORM-3D. Forward and lateral extrusion were chosen as two different forming methods. The effect of die transition geometry on deformation load was also investigated by straight tapered and cosine profiles. A newly kinematical admissible velocity field to analyze different profiles of extrusion dies was proposed by upper bound analysis. Al 1070 was used as working material. Experiments using five sets of dies with gear-like form were performed, and the measured forming load results were compared with the predictions of the theoretical solutions. Experiments were carried out on the 150 metric ton hydraulic press.

Effect of Annealing Time and Temperature Parameters on the Microstructure, Hardness, and Strain-Hardening Coefficients of 42CrMo4 Steel

“…Additionally, many researchers have stressed the importance of calculating strain-hardening coefficients such as a strength coefficient, c, and a strain-hardening exponent, n. They are particularly essential when selecting heat treatment technological parameters or elaborating metal forming technology for steel [22,23], aluminium alloys [24,25], magnesium alloys [26,27], pure copper [28], powder metallurgy materials [29,30], or plasticine [31,32], or even MMC (metal matrix composite) materials [33,34]. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of annealing on the strain-hardening parameters, and the c and n coefficients are determined and can be used in numerical simulations and experimental tests of 42CrMo4 steel components dedicated for metal forming [35,36].…”

Effect of Annealing Time and Temperature Parameters on the Microstructure, Hardness and Strain-Hardening Coefficients of 42CrMo4 Steel

“…Additionally, many researchers have stressed the importance of calculating strain hardening coefficients such as a strength coefficient, c, and a strain hardening exponent, n. They are particularly essential when selecting heat treatment technological parameters or elaborating metal forming technology for steel [22,23], aluminium alloys [24,25], magnesium alloys [26,27], pure copper [28], powder metallurgy materials [29,30] or plasticine [31,32] or even MMC materials [33,34]. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of annealing on the strain hardening parameters, the c and n coefficients are determined and can be used in numerical simulations and experimental tests of 42CrMo4 steel components dedicated for metal forming [35,36].…”