A theranostic microneedle array patch for integrated glycemia sensing and self-regulated release of insulin

Abstract

Diabetes can cause various complications and affect the normal functioning of the human body. A theranostic and diagnostic platform for real-time glycemia sensing and simultaneous self-regulated release of insulin is...

Intradermal delivery of an angiotensin II receptor blocker using a personalized microneedle patch for treatment of hypertrophic scars

“…Microneedles (MNs) represent a novel technology for drug delivery. [6][7][8] With micrometer-scaled needles arranged in a designed patch, the microneedle patch system has advantages such as minimal invasion and personalized and precise drug release and has attracted emerging attention in biosensing, 9,10 diagnosis, 11 and treatments of different diseases including diabetes, [12][13][14] cancers, 15,16 wounds, [17][18][19] scars, [20][21][22] and psoriasis. 23 The stratum corneum is the main barrier of the skin and limits the efficiency of transdermal drug penetration.…”

Polysaccharide-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery

“…H + produced by the catalytic reaction of GOD with glucose progressively dissolved mineralized insulin particles, leading to the self-regulated release of insulin. The increasing level of H 2 O 2 resulted in a visible color change, which allowed for a reading of the glucose content changes [ 108 ]. The dynamically capped hierarchically porous MNs, which utilized the dissolution of CS hydrogels, allowed for the intelligent release of insulin [ 102 ].…”

“…( b ) Dual-functional MN prepared by cross-linking and micro-molding. ( c ) Self-regulated release of insulin is triggered by glucose responsiveness and real-time glucose sensing [ 108 ]. Reproduced with permission from Xuetong Sun, Biomaterials Science; published by The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022.…”

Self-assembled di- and tripeptide gels for the passive entrapment and pH-responsive, sustained release of an antidiabetic drug, glimepiride

“…Glucose and pH-responsive systems are being increasingly investigated for treating diabetes, and researchers have developed several formulations, like self-assembled peptide gels, 4,15 polymeric hydrogels, 13 glycopolymer nanoparticles, 16 polymerosomes, 12 and microneedle array patches 17 but these formulations are limited to the delivery of insulin. There are also few reports on nanoparticulate antidiabetic drug delivery systems for glipizide 18 and repaglinide 19 but these formulations did not show long-term, controlled release profiles.…”

“…To address these problems and enhance patient satisfaction and compliance, the development of an efficient drug delivery system that can sense the pH changes due to the variation of glucose concentration and release an appropriate amount of drug for a sustained period is extremely important for type II diabetes therapy. [12][13][14] Glucose and pH-responsive systems are being increasingly investigated for treating diabetes, and researchers have developed several formulations, like self-assembled peptide gels, 4,15 polymeric hydrogels, 13 glycopolymer nanoparticles, 16 polymerosomes, 12 and microneedle array patches 17 but these formulations are limited to the delivery of insulin. There are also few reports on nanoparticulate antidiabetic drug delivery systems for glipizide 18 and repaglinide 19 but these formulations did not show long-term, controlled release profiles.…”