A thermodynamic analysis of hypervelocity impacts on metals

Nuttall, A.; Close, Sigrid

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2020.103645

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Satellites orbiting Earth are at risk of HVI through micro meteor orbital debris (MMOD). − Yet on Earth, shaped charges are capable of launching jets of material at hypervelocity. − Therefore, to protect human life and critical infrastructure from these hypervelocity impacts, a fundamental understanding regarding the responses of various materials at such high velocities is paramount. The HVI response of materials, particularly that of metals and ceramics because of their importance in space applications, has been investigated widely using a two-stage light gas gun (2SLGG). ,− The HVI impact of MMOD can lead to an ultrahigh strain rate, ≥10 6 s –1, and in 2SLGGs, an estimated strain rate over the range 10 5 –10 6 s –1 can be achieved …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Strain Rate Failure Behavior of Polycarbonate Plates due to Hypervelocity Impact

2022

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Developing a fundamental understanding of how polymers respond during hypervelocity impact (HVI), a high strain rate process, is crucial for the potential use of polymers in HVI protection systems. Here, we present the high-strain-rate impact behavior of commercially available polycarbonates with two different molecular weights, 42 and 21 kg/mol. A powder gun and a two-stage light-gas gun were used to achieve the velocities (v0) of a 4 mm projectile impacting the polycarbonate targets over the range of 400–6,500 m/s. The deformation behavior of the polymer during the impact event was captured using high-speed cameras. The impact caused a variety of responses, ranging from deflection of the projectile to complete perforation for higher v0, leading to major debris cloud formation. These debris clouds consist of both fluid- and dust-like ejecta. The fluid-like debris cloud indicates the melting of polymer caused by the conversion of kinetic energy to thermal energy and subsequent adiabatic heating. The dust-like response can likely be attributed to the brittle failure behavior of polymers, as the polymer became brittle at a high strain rate. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and dielectric thermal analysis (DETA) on the polycarbonate samples used here indicate an approximately 40 °C increase of T g with increasing frequency from 1 Hz to 106 Hz, and such an increase has likely led to brittle behavior. While the leading-edge velocity of the debris clouds and perforation diameters scale linearly with v0, we found negligible differences in the HVI response for the two molecular weights of polycarbonate tested here. This study displays the importance of v0 and thickness contributing to responses of polycarbonates undergoing HVI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Strain Rate Failure Behavior of Polycarbonate Plates due to Hypervelocity Impact

2022

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“…Various optical elements suffer the most from small particle impacts: portholes, lenses, safety glasses, mirrors, etc. Plasma emissions and light flashes resulting from strong heating of the substance in the high-velocity impact zone can have a negative effect on sensors of scientific equipment and some units of spacecraft electrical and radio equipment [57].…”

Section: Metal Screens From the Waste Of Perforated Sheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Lifecycle of Perforated Metal Materials

et al. 2023

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In an era of rapidly growing consumer demand and the subsequent development of production, light materials and structures with a wide range of applications are becoming increasingly important in the field of construction and mechanical engineering, including aerospace engineering. At the same time, one of the trends is the use of perforated metal materials (PMMs). They are used as finishing, decorative and structural building materials. The main feature of PMMs is the presence of through holes of a given shape and size, which makes it possible to have low specific gravity; however, their tensile strength and rigidity can vary widely depending on the source material. In addition, PMMs have several properties that cannot be achieved with solid materials; for example, they can provide considerable noise reduction and partial light absorption, significantly reducing the weight of structures. They are also used for damping dynamic forces, filtering liquids and gases and shielding electromagnetic fields. For the perforation of strips and sheets, cold stamping methods are usually used, carried out on stamping presses, particularly using wide-tape production lines. Other methods of manufacturing PMMs are rapidly developing, for example, using liquid and laser cutting. An urgent but relatively new and little-studied problem is the recycling and further efficient use of PMMs, primarily such materials as stainless and high-strength steels, titanium, and aluminum alloys. The life cycle of PMMs can be prolonged because they can be repurposed for various applications such as constructing new buildings, designing elements, and producing additional products, making them more environmentally friendly. This work aimed to overview sustainable ways of PMM recycling, use or reuse, proposing different ecological methods and applications considering the types and properties of PMM technological waste. Moreover, the review is accompanied by graphical illustrations of real examples. PMM waste recycling methods that can prolong their lifecycle include construction technologies, powder metallurgy, permeable structures, etc. Several new technologies have been proposed and described for the sustainable application of products and structures based on perforated steel strips and profiles obtained from waste products during stamping. With more developers aiming for sustainability and buildings achieving higher levels of environmental performance, PMM provides significant environmental and aesthetic advantages.

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“…In [10,11], simulation and analysis of the possibility of using an explosive accelerator to simulate the impact of cosmic dust stream on spacecraft materials in ground conditions. [12][13][14][15][16] presented modelling and experimental data on the interaction of high-speed bodies and particles with spacecraft materials. The authors of [17][18][19] present methods of high-speed dust particle streams acceleration.…”

Section: Sdp Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Alloying of Steels in the Super-Deep Penetration Mode

Usherenko¹,

Mironovs²,

Ушеренко³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The dynamic effects observed in collisions represent a specific area of high-energy interaction located at the boundary of mechanics, hydrodynamics, shock wave physics, and alternating high-pressure regions. The paper shows that in the volume of a solid metal body, as a result of dynamic alloying by a high-speed stream of powder particles in the super-deep penetration mode (SDP), fibre structures of altering material arise, forming the framework of the composite material. The stream of powder particles in the metal obstacle following the path of least resistance and the impact of shock waves on particles results in a volumetric framework from the products of interaction between the injected and matrix materials. When using SDP, defective structural elements (channelled) - germs of reinforcing fibres arise. At the subsequent heat treatment, there is an intensive diffusion. The growth process of reinforcing fibres shifts to higher temperatures (as compared to the standard mode), leading to an increase in the bending strength of the fibre material up to 13 times for high-speed tool W6Mo5Cr4V2 steel. As a result of the completion of the growth of reinforcing fibres in the volume of the W6Mo5Cr4V2 steel, the material's bending strength in 1.2 times is realised. Simultaneously, it provides an increase of wear resistance 1.7-1.8 times.

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A thermodynamic analysis of hypervelocity impacts on metals

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

High Strain Rate Failure Behavior of Polycarbonate Plates due to Hypervelocity Impact

High Strain Rate Failure Behavior of Polycarbonate Plates due to Hypervelocity Impact

Sustainable Lifecycle of Perforated Metal Materials

Dynamic Alloying of Steels in the Super-Deep Penetration Mode

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