A Thermodynamic Analysis on the Roasting of Pyrite

Zhang, Yan; Li, Qian; Liu, Xiaoliang; Xu, Bin; Yang, Yongbin; Jiang, Tao

doi:10.3390/min9040220

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although it is expected that pyrite oxidation took place at higher temperatures [20], the formation of pyrrhotite from oxidation in the air atmosphere could occur at lower temperatures due to the easy oxidation of sulfur by oxygen to SO 2 [39].…”

Section: The Results Of Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics of Pentlandite-Bearing Ore Oxidation in the Air Atmosphere

Božinović

Štrbac

Mitovski

et al. 2021

Metals

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The roasting of sulfide ores and concentrates is one of the most important steps in pyrometallurgical metal production from primary raw materials, due to the necessity of excess sulfur removal, present in the virgin material. Pentlandite is one of the main sources for nickel pyrometallurgical production. The knowledge of its reaction mechanism, products distribution during oxidation and reaction kinetics is important for optimizing the production process. Raw pentlandite-bearing ore from the Levack mine (Ontario, Canada) was subjected to oxidative roasting in the air atmosphere. A chemical analysis of the initial sample was conducted according to EDXRF (Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence) and AAS (Atomic Adsorption Spectrometry) results. The characterization of the initial sample and oxidation products was conducted by an XRD (X-ray Diffraction) and SEM/EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry) analysis. Thermodynamic calculations, a phase analysis and construction of Kellogg diagrams for Ni-S-O and Fe-S-O systems at 298 K, 773 K, 923 K and 1073 K were used for proposing the theoretical reaction mechanism. A thermal analysis (TG/DTA—Thermogravimetric and Differential Thermal Analyses) was conducted in temperature range 298–1273 K, under a heating rate of 15° min−1. A kinetic analysis was conducted according to the non-isothermal method of Daniels and Borchardt, under a heating rate of 15° min−1. Calculated activation energies of 113 kJ mol−1, 146 kJ mol−1 and 356 kJ mol−1 for three oxidation stages imply that in every examined stage of the oxidation process, temperature is a dominant factor determining the reaction rate.

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Section: The Results Of Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics of Pentlandite-Bearing Ore Oxidation in the Air Atmosphere

Božinović

Štrbac

Mitovski

et al. 2021

Metals

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“…The first region is in the temperature range of 350 to 500 °C, and the second region is in the greater range of Since the equilibrium constant of the second reaction is very low (k eq = 10 -27 -10 -28 ), a slight decrease in the oxygen content can shift the reaction to the right. This is while the sulfur roasting can be conducted according to the following reaction [21]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason for pausing or diminishing the sulfur removal reactions at temperature range of 500-750 °C can be attributed to two parameters: the occurrence of sulfur removal equilibrium reactions and the possibility of iron sulfates formation. From thermodynamics point of view, the following reactions are in equilibrium state where FeS 2 is decomposed and simultaneously formed at the temperature range of 500-750 °C [reactions(1) and(2)][21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of thermal improvements in indurating machines for pellet production from high-sulfur magnetite concentrate

Alizadeh

Adhami

2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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Mostly, magnetite iron ore mine materials contain significant amounts of sulfur base components. This can cause disturbance in production process of steel. Although high-sulfur magnetite concentrate has not been inciting enough yet to be employed by steel industry, these compounds are potential alternatives for iron ore resources. In this work, oxidation and sulfur removal of magnetite iron ore pellets were studied during the thermal treatment in the pelletizing indurating machine. The oxidation phenomenon and sulfur removal, in the magnetite iron ore pellets, were assessed by determination of appropriate thermal conditions employing thermogravimetric as well as differential scanning calorimetric tests accompanied by heat treatment procedure in a laboratory furnace. The residual sulfur-based compounds were considered as an indicator for the reaction rate; the results showed the reaction progress had a lower rate in the temperature range of 500-750 °C. Furthermore, the high-rate pre-heating and firing processes of pellets caused a higher level of residual magnetite phase within the microstructure, whereas crack initiation and growth were probable within the oxide pellets. The findings did highlight the role of thermal profiling and eventually, led to redesigning the thermal profile for pelletizing indurating machines.

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“…In this paper, a technology of two-stage roasting and magnetic separation is adopted to extract cobalt and iron from the complex Co-bearing sulfur concentrate in the Panxi area of China. This will provide an important research basis for the efficient utilization of Co-bearing sulfur concentrate resources in Panxi [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Cobalt and Iron from Refractory Co-Bearing Sulfur Concentrate

Xiao

Zhang

2020

Processes

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In this study, oxidizing roasting, segregation roasting, and magnetic separation are used to extract cobalt and iron from refractory Co-bearing sulfur concentrate. The Co-bearing sulfur concentrate containing 0.68% Co, 33.26% Fe, and 36.58% S was obtained from V-Ti magnetite in the Panxi area of China by flotation. Cobalt pyrite and linneite were the Co-bearing minerals, and the gangue minerals were mica, chlorite, feldspar, and calcite in Co-bearing sulfur concentrate. The results show that cobalt is transformed from Co-pyrite and linneite to a Co2FeO4-dominated new cobalt mineral phase, and iron is transformed from pyrite to Fe2O3 and an Fe3O4-dominated new iron mineral phase after oxidizing roasting. Cobalt changed from CoFe2O4 to a new cobalt mineral phase dominated by [Co] Fe solid solution, and iron changed from Fe2O3 to a new iron mineral phase dominated by metal Fe and Fe3O4 after segregation roasting. Cobalt concentrate with a cobalt grade of 15.15%, iron content of 71.22%, and cobalt recovery of 90.81% as well as iron concentrate with iron grade of 60.06%, cobalt content of 0.11%, and iron recovery of 76.23% are obtained. The main minerals in the cobalt concentrate are Fe, [Co]Fe, Fe3O4, and SiO2, and the main minerals in the iron concentrate are Fe3O4, FeO, Ca2Si2O4, and Ca2Al2O4.

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A Thermodynamic Analysis on the Roasting of Pyrite

Cited by 38 publications

References 36 publications

Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics of Pentlandite-Bearing Ore Oxidation in the Air Atmosphere

Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics of Pentlandite-Bearing Ore Oxidation in the Air Atmosphere

The role of thermal improvements in indurating machines for pellet production from high-sulfur magnetite concentrate

Extraction of Cobalt and Iron from Refractory Co-Bearing Sulfur Concentrate

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