A thermoeconomic analysis of a PV-hydrogen system feeding the energy requests of a residential building in an isolated valley of the Alps

Experimental results for hybrid energy storage systems coupled to photovoltaic generation in residential applications

“…Santarelli and Macagno [20] developed a thermoeconomic model of a residential solar-hydrogen reversible fuel cell system. They find that the system has a very high cost but suggest that it may be a viable solution for remote stand-alone applications without electrical distribution infrastructure.…”

Hydrogen as an energy carrier in stand-alone applications based on PV and PV–micro-hydro systems

“…Both the hypothetical energy systems here considered are complex plants serving the annual electricity needs of a residential building (3 MWh e ) through the combination of renewable sources and a system devoted to the production and utilization of hydrogen as an energy carrier [2,6,7]. The two systems differentiate by the typology of primary energy source utilized.…”

“…Both the hypothetical systems are designed to provide the complete electrical needs (3 MW h/year) of a small residential building situated in a remote area (an isolated residential building in a valley of the Alps in Italy) during a complete year of operation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Instead, they do not supply the thermal needs (16 MW h/year) of the user.…”

“…Nevertheless, a complete economic evaluation (which takes into account the internalization of the external cost due to pollution) could increase the competitiveness of these systems. The complete economic analysis of the first integrated system has been discussed in another paper [9]. Here, only the investment costs of the main components and some indications of the obtained electricity costs are provided here with a brief economic analysis considering also the concept of carbon tax.…”

Influence of Hydrogen-Based Storage Systems on Self-Consumption and Self-Sufficiency of Residential Photovoltaic Systems

“…Only a few studies investigate hybrid hydrogen-based storage systems without batteries [32][33][34] or photovoltaic hydrogen systems [35]. Most hydrogen-based storage systems are compressed gas tanks.…”