IntroductionAs a kind of smart materials, responsive hydrogels exhibit the rapidly responsive ability and sharp volume phase transitions according to the external stimuli from environment. Hydrogels demonstrate large-scale volumetric changes in response to small levels of stimuli. To the best of our knowledge, the most typical external stimuli factors related to responsive behaviors of smart hydrogels are pH [1][2][3][4][5], temperature [6][7][8], light [9][10][11] and multi-factors [12][13][14][15][16]. Additionally, the responsive hydrogels based on enzyme responsive [17,18], calcium responsive [19,20], glucose responsive [21,22], redox responsive [23,24], ionicstrength responsive [25,26], and chemical responsive [27] are also exhibited amazing responsive abilities. Among these insights, temperature responsive hydrogels are particularly important.This article gives an overview of the fundamentals of temperature responsive hydrogels. Some researches related to the construction methods, responsive mechanisms and applications of responsive hydrogels in the past few years are reviewed.
Construction Method of Temperature
Responsive HydrogelsThe temperature responsive hydrogels introduced in this section are mainly prepared based on the scaffolds of supramolecular assembled structure [28][29][30], hydrogel films [31] and hydrogel sphere [32,33]. Additionally, the temperature responsive hydrogels constructed employing the novel technics are also summarized [34][35][36]. Ritter and coworkers pioneered in construction of temperature responsive hydrogel using N-isopropylacrylamide as monomer [37]. As illustrated in Figure 1 based on the hostguest interaction between adamantyl group and cyclodextrin, the thermosensitive hydrogel 1 was prepared. Similarly, based on the host-guest interaction between D3-symmetric tris(spiroborate) cyclophane and [Ir(tpy) 2 ](PF 6 ) 3 complex, the assembled chain structure was obtained by Yamaguchi et al.[38]. Moreover, employing the host-guest interaction between cucurbit[8]uril and viologen/naphthoxy, a thermo-sensitive supramolecular polymer hydrogel 2 was prepared by Scherman and coworkers [39]. Typically, as the dynamic cross-link of CB[8]/viologen/naphthoxy, this hydrogel exhibited thermal reversibility. Additionally, the temperature responsive hydrogels based on hydrophobic interaction of dipeptides [40] and cyclic macromonomer crosslinking interaction [41] were also reported. Using a photo-crosslinkable benzophenone unit, Knoll and coworkers prepared the responsive hydrogel films by photo-cross-link method based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM) copolymer [42]. To fabricate hydrogel nanoparticles with ultrafine nanosized hair, Yang's group developed a simple self-developed approach
AbstractResponsive hydrogels have attracted researcher's special attentions. Up to now, a wide variety of responsive hydrogels are continuously constructed and the responsive mechanisms are deeply investigated. Typically, versatile responsive hydrogels with pH responsive, temperature responsive, ligh...