A three-dimensional anthropometric solid model of the hand based on landmark measurements

Abstract

Hand anthropometry data are largely based on measurements of the hand in an outstretched hand posture and are, therefore, difficult to apply to tool gripping hand postures. The purpose of this project was to develop a representative, scalable hand model to be used with 3-D software drawing packages to aid in the ergonomic design of hand tools. Landmarks (66) on the palmar surface of the right hand of 100 subjects were digitised in four functional hand postures and, from these, 3-D surface models of a mean, 25th and 75th% hand were developed. The root mean square differences in hand length between the hand model and the digitised data for the 25th, 50th and 75th percentile hand were 11.4, 3.2 and 8.9 mm, respectively. The corresponding values for hand breadth were 2.0, 0.4 and 1.4 mm. There was good agreement between distances on the digitised hand and the hand model. The application of this research includes improved ergonomic hand tool design through the use of hand anthropometry reference values developed from the general population using grasping hand postures.

Mapping kinematic functional abilities of the hand to three dimensional shapes for inclusive design

“…This underrepresents the palmar surfaces that are available for grasping. Implementation of the surface contours of the palm and fingers, such as those produced by Rogers et al, would improve the accuracy in representation of the whole hands' functional abilities (Rogers et al, 2008). Lastly, the WFS model does not currently account for force magnitude in the weighting values.…”

The manipulability: a new index for quantifying movement capacities of upper extremity

“…During fine manual task, the evaluation of the manipulability of the fingers can provide an interesting measure of dexterity (Rogers et al 2008, Hoffman et al 2011 similarly to previous studies developed in the field of robotics. Indeed, Shimoga (1996) presented eight available dexterity measures including several ones derived from the ellipsoid of manipulability.…”

Towards a Realistic and Self-Contained Biomechanical Model of the Hand

“…Different algorithms were used in the process: principal creases are extracted, joint locations are estimated from them and the skin geometry of a generic hand model deformed based on hand contours. Rogers et al (2008) made a scalable 3-D geometric model of the hand based on 66 landmarks of the palm surface from 100 subjects in four functional postures. The purpose was to analyse the deformation of the palm surface during the grasp of an object.…”