A Three-Dimensional-FEM Model With Experimentally Determined Material Parameters of an FBG Sensor Element in a Panda-Type Fiber

Hopf, Barbara; Fischer, Bennet; Lindner, Markus; Koch, Alexander W.; Roths, Johannes

doi:10.1109/jlt.2017.2755598

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The parameters used for the silica cladding were as follows 69 : outer diameter = 125.5 μm, density = 2200 kg m −3 , = 5996 m s −1 and = 3740 m s −1 . The parameters of the B 2 O 3 -doped silica strain rods were as follows 70 : = 2080 kg m −3 , = 4895 m s −1 and = 4100 m s −1 . The radii of the rods are 17.25 μm and their centres are located ±27.5 μm away from the symmetry axis of the fibre, along the directions (see Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres

et al. 2021

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Opto-mechanical interactions in guided wave media are drawing great interest in fundamental research and applications. Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering, in particular, is widely investigated in optical fibres and photonic integrated circuits. In this work, we report a comprehensive study of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering over standard, panda-type polarization maintaining fibres. We distinguish between intra-polarization scattering, in which two pump tones are co-polarized along one principal axis, and inter-polarization processes driven by orthogonally polarized pump waves. Both processes are quantified in analysis, calculations and experiment. Inter-modal scattering, in particular, introduces cross-polarization switching of probe waves that is non-reciprocal. Switching takes place in multiple wavelength windows. The results provide a first demonstration of opto-mechanical non-reciprocity of forward scatter in standard fibre. The inter-polarization process is applicable to distributed sensors of media outside the cladding and coating boundaries, where light cannot reach. The process may be scaled towards forward Brillouin lasers, optical isolators and circulators and narrowband microwave-photonic filters over longer sections of off-the-shelf polarization maintaining fibres.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres

et al. 2021

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“…Finding sensor signals, which are independent of glue-induced transversal stresses, is a main precondition for utilizing surface-attached PM-FBGs in strain and temperature decoupling. Earlier experimental evaluation with surface-attached PM-FBGs [24] indicated that the glue-induced changes Δλi,jglue are much stronger in the slow axis compared to the fast axis, but run counter in both FBG-orientations with Kfglue,i,0°≈−Kfglue,i,90° (with i∈{f,s}). Therefore, the mean value of the Bragg wavelength changes in the slow and fast axis of both sensors Δtrueλi¯=0.5(Δλi,0°+Δλi,90°) with i∈{f,s} are supposed to be nearly independent of the glue’s influence, as was confirmed by the three-dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM) simulations shown in Section 2.…”

Section: Theory: Surface-attached Fbgs For Temperature Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simulated thermally induced local stress values were used to analytically calculate the resulting changes of the refractive index caused by the elasto-optical effect. These local changes in the refractive index were added to the former values of the refractive index at the reference temperature [24].…”

Section: Simulation: Determination Of Glue-independent Fbg Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transfer to the effective refractive index of the fiber Δneff,i,jsimfalse(ΔT,ε3false), a quantity that is directly connected to the Bragg wavelength of the FBG, was achieved by using a two-dimensional mode solver on the fiber’s cross-section in the middle of the fiber. The resulting simulated change in the Bragg wavelength Δλi,jsim was determined analytically by using the dependency [24]Δλi,jsim=λ0(ε3sim+Δneff,i,jsimfalse(ΔT,ε3false)neff,0+ξ ΔT).…”

Section: Simulation: Determination Of Glue-independent Fbg Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The material properties of the glue (EP353, Epoxy Technology Inc., Billerica, MA, USA), which are Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and CTE, were taken from manufacturer data sheets [26,27]. The geometry and material parameters of the fiber core, SAP, and cladding were taken according to previous works [24]. All used material properties are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Simulation: Determination Of Glue-independent Fbg Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Strain-Independent Temperature Measurements with Surface-Glued Polarization-Maintaining Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Elements

Hopf

Fischer

Bosselmann

et al. 2019

Sensors

Self Cite

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A novel technique for strain and temperature decoupling with surface-glued fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is presented and applied for strain-independent temperature measurements in a temperature range between −30 °C and 110 °C with uncertainties below 4 °C over the entire measurement range. The influence of temperature-dependent glue-induced transversal forces on the fiber sensor could be eliminated with a sensor element consisting of two FBGs in identical polarization-maintaining fibers that were spliced perpendicular to each other. After aligning and gluing the sensor element with its optical axes parallel and perpendicular to the specimen, the averaged Bragg wavelength shifts of both FBGs were proven to be independent of the glue’s influence and therefore independent of any change in the material characteristics of the glue, such as aging or creeping behavior. For the first time, this methodology enables temperature measurements with surface-attached bare FBGs independently of arbitrary longitudinal and glue-induced strains. This is of great value for all applications that rely on a fully glued sensor design, e.g., in applications with high electromagnetic fields, on rotating parts, or in vacuum for space applications.

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Transfer matrix method for simulation of the fiber Bragg grating in polarization maintaining fiber

Liu

Sun

et al. 2019

Optics Communications

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A Three-Dimensional-FEM Model With Experimentally Determined Material Parameters of an FBG Sensor Element in a Panda-Type Fiber

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres

Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres

Strain-Independent Temperature Measurements with Surface-Glued Polarization-Maintaining Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Elements

Transfer matrix method for simulation of the fiber Bragg grating in polarization maintaining fiber

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