A Three‐Factor Model of Trait Anger: Dimensions of Affect, Behavior, and Cognition

Martin, Robert K.; Watson, David; Wan, Chun

doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00119

Cited by 208 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Although the developmental literature does not tend to use self-report measures to assess personality, it has been suggested that effortful control is an important precursor to adult levels of trait agreeableness (Ahadi & Rothbart, 1994;Cumberland-Li, Eisenberg, & Reiser, 2004;Kochanska & Knaack, 2003). This suggestion is consistent with data indicating that both effortful control (Calkins, Gill, Johnson, & Smith, 1999) and agreeableness (Martin, Watson, & Wan, 2000) are inversely related to anger and aggression.If effortful control is a substantial precursor of agreeableness, then the developmental literature makes some other points that deserve more systematic attention. First, the construct of effortful control is broader than that of anger-control, encouraging a more extensive conceptualization of agreeableness as self-regulation.…”

supporting

confidence: 56%

“…One perspective extends agreeableness to the self-regulation of hostile thoughts and feelings. It is clear that agreeableness is inversely related to self-report scales tapping hostile thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (Martin et al, 2000). Moreover, agreeable individuals have been found to be less susceptible to the influence of accessible hostile thoughts in a number of social cognitive paradigms (e.g., .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agreeableness and the self-regulation of negative affect: Findings involving the neuroticism/somatic distress relationship

Ode

Robinson

2007

Personality and Individual Differences

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In the temperament literature, agreeableness has been theoretically linked to effortful control. Further, research in this area has suggested that effortful control may play a broad role in moderating temperament-based tendencies toward negative affect. The present three studies, involving a total of 300 undergraduate participants, sought to extend this perspective to the adult literature by examining potential interactions between agreeableness and neuroticism in predicting reported somatic symptoms. Although such symptoms have been linked to neuroticism, they are not characteristic of the interpersonal concerns linked to agreeableness. Nevertheless, all studies found that agreeableness and neuroticism interacted to predict somatic symptoms such that high levels of agreeableness decoupled the relationship between neuroticism and somatic distress. These findings indicate a broad role for agreeableness in the self-regulation of neuroticism-linked distress. KeywordsAgreeableness; Neuroticism; Somatic Symptoms; Self-Regulation; Effortful Control Agreeableness is often viewed in terms of its interpersonal correlates. Experience-sampling studies have found that, in comparison to disagreeable individuals, agreeable individuals generally engage in less quarrelsome behavior and more cooperative behavior in daily life (Moskowitz, 1994). In terms of the social cognitive basis of agreeableness, this trait dimension has been associated with less perceived interpersonal conflict in laboratory interaction paradigms (Graziano, Jensen-Campbell, & Hair, 1996) and agreeable individuals exhibit a preference for more socially adaptive modes of conflict resolution (Graziano et al., 1996;Jensen-Campbell & Graziano, 2001).In addition, we suggest that agreeableness may also tap broad tendencies toward effortful control in domains that are less tied to interpersonal outcomes. Consistent with this perspective, Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone (2004) report a relationship between agreeableness and a dispositional self-control measure assessing the ability to override intrapsychic urges, such as those related to overeating or laziness. Furthermore, Jensen-Campbell et al. (2002) found that agreeableness was associated with smaller Stroop-interference effects, suggesting superior abilities to inhibit cognitive conflicts. These findings, although modest in number, areCorrespondence can be sent to Scott Ode, Psychology Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105. Internet correspondence can be sent to E-mail: Scott.Ode@ndsu.edu (phone: 701-231-5486; fax: 701-231-8426). Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers ...

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supporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agreeableness and the self-regulation of negative affect: Findings involving the neuroticism/somatic distress relationship

Ode

Robinson

2007

Personality and Individual Differences

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Section: The MIX Of Concepts: Hostility Anger Aggression and Other mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Martin et al advocate for the standardization of these concepts emphasizing that anger corresponds to affect, aggression to behavior, and hostility (or cynicism) to cognition. Together the three constructs form a three-factor "ABC" model of trait anger (Martin, Watson et al 2000).Aside from hostility, anger and aggression, VE and distressed personality are more complex concepts. Although they overlap partially, these constructs include specific patterns and aspects not captured by general scales for hostility, anger and aggression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger, Hostility and Other Forms of Negative Affect: Relation to Cardiovascular Disease

Torquato¹,

Souza²,

Iosifescu³

et al. 2012

Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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The mix of concepts: Hostility, anger, aggression and other negative affectOver the past decades, a large number of studies have investigated the association between negative affect and coronary heart disease (CHD). Many were cross-sectional case-control studies, which have been criticized for the recall bias of the CHD diagnosis and for the memory distortion (Chida and Steptoe 2009). More recently, several prospective longitudinal studies with more rigorous methodology have also been developed. Notwithstanding, results from this studies are not homogeneous, with both positive and negative results. Although more rigorous in their methodology, the prospective studies use www.intechopen.com Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Risk Factors 416 diverse and partially overlapping concepts to define negative affect associated with CHD (Table 1). Since each study analyzes only a single psychological construct at a time and since these concepts are only partially overlapping, it is not surprising to note the conflicting results in the literature. In addition, the single-factor approach ignores the clustering of psychosocial risk factors for physical disease, which may act synergistically (Suls and Bunde 2005). Another view, from a twin-designed study, is that some of this negative affect concepts may have a single common genetic factor and a nonshared environmental factor, i.e., enviroments uncorrelated between twins, such as accidents. (Raynor, Pogue-Geile et al. 2002). Type Some authors have proposed that anger, hostility and aggression should be considered a syndrome and other include anger and hostility in the concept of aggression. For others, hostility is characterized by interrelated elements of cynical beliefs and attributions, angry emotional states, and aggressive or antagonistic behaviors. Martin et al. advocate for the standardization of these concepts emphasizing that anger corresponds to affect, aggression to behavior, and hostility (or cynicism) to cognition. Together the three constructs form a three-factor "ABC" model of trait anger (Martin, Watson et al. 2000).Aside from hostility, anger and aggression, VE and distressed personality are more complex concepts. Although they overlap partially, these constructs include specific patterns and aspects not captured by general scales for hostility, anger and aggression. Last but not least, the concept of negative affectivity posits that these symptoms represent markers of a trait www.intechopen.com Anger, Hostility and Other Forms of Negative Affect: Relation to Cardiovascular Disease 417 characterized by hypersensitivity to negative stimuli (Watson and Clark 1984) and the concept of negative emotions postulate the existence of a continuum across these affective states. Depression: The mix beyond the negative affectsBeyond negative affect, depression and, secondarily, anxiety have the strongest evidence for associations with CHD, even after controlling for traditional CHD risk factors, such as serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and smoking. Intriguingly, as it ...

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“…There are good reasons for possessing this knowledge. The warmth-coldness dimension is a primary predictor of relationship quality (Markey & Markey, 2007), personality disorders (Locke, 2006), aggressive behavior (Martin, Watson, & Wan, 2000), criminality (Edens, 2009), and lack of social support (Smith, Traupman, Uchino, & Berg, 2010). …”

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confidence: 99%

Cognitive egocentrism differentiates warm and cold people

Boyd

Bresin

Ode

et al. 2013

Journal of Research in Personality

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Warmth-coldness is a fundamental dimension of social behavior. Cold individuals are egocentric in their social relations, whereas warm individuals are not. Previous theorizing suggests that cognitive egocentrism underlies social egocentrism. It was hypothesized that higher levels of interpersonal coldness would predict greater cognitive egocentrism. Cognitive egocentrism was assessed in basic terms through tasks wherein priming a lateralized self-state biased subsequent visual perceptions in an assimilation-related manner. Such effects reflect a tendency to assume that the self's incidental state provides meaningful information concerning the external world. Cognitive egocentrism was evident at high, but not low, levels of interpersonal coldness. The findings reveal a basic difference between warm and cold people, encouraging future research linking cognitive egocentrism to variability in relationship functioning.

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A Three‐Factor Model of Trait Anger: Dimensions of Affect, Behavior, and Cognition

Cited by 208 publications

References 42 publications

Agreeableness and the self-regulation of negative affect: Findings involving the neuroticism/somatic distress relationship

Agreeableness and the self-regulation of negative affect: Findings involving the neuroticism/somatic distress relationship

Anger, Hostility and Other Forms of Negative Affect: Relation to Cardiovascular Disease

Cognitive egocentrism differentiates warm and cold people

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