A Three-Item Instrument for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Observation and Interview Based Diurnal Sleepiness Inventory (ODSI)

Abstract

The ODSI is a brief, valid, easy-to-administer three-item assessment that can screen for excessive daytime sleepiness among elderly patients with OSA.

Observation and Interview-based Diurnal Sleepiness Inventory for measurement of sleepiness in older adults

“…The first item scored from 0 to 12 helps to assess sleepiness or falling asleep in active situations or situations where a high level of stimulation is required (0 = not at all, 8 = mildly, 10 = moderately and 12 = very frequently). As falling asleep during active situations (the first item) is likely more dangerous, Onen et al 13 proposed to score it higher than following items. The second item scored from 0 to 6 helps to assess sleepiness during passive situations, such as while reading or watching TV (0 = not at all, 2 = mildly, 4 = moderately and 6 = very frequently).…”

“…The validation study of this questionnaire demonstrated that these items would ensure good coverage in the target population with high inter-rater agreement and test–retest reliability. 13 …”

“…The ODSI questionnaire has previously been validated using the ESS as the gold standard in a sample of 133 primary care patients, 60 of whom were controls, and demonstrated acceptable validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability properties. 13 The ODSI has shown internal consistency and a reliability coefficient (Pearson’s ρ) of 0.70 for its three items. 13 The estimated sensitivity and specificity were 0.842 and 0.851 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.624 to 0.945 and 0.761 to 0.911, respectively.…”

“… 13 The ODSI has shown internal consistency and a reliability coefficient (Pearson’s ρ) of 0.70 for its three items. 13 The estimated sensitivity and specificity were 0.842 and 0.851 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.624 to 0.945 and 0.761 to 0.911, respectively. The consistency of summated scale scores during test and retest sessions was high ( r = 0.970, 95% bootstrap CI [0.898 to 0.991]).…”

“…The consistency of summated scale scores during test and retest sessions was high ( r = 0.970, 95% bootstrap CI [0.898 to 0.991]). 13 In a receiver operating characteristic analysis, a cutoff point of 6 on the ODSI is effective for identifying older adults with excessive levels of daytime sleepiness. 13 Simple screening tools like the ODSI have the potential to improve the accuracy of ascertaining sleepy versus non-sleepy subjects to facilitate the identification of treatable primary sleep disorders among elderly patients.…”