A three steps procedure (swelling–poling–deswelling) to produce a stable alignment of second order NLO-phores covalently attached to a cross-linked polymeric network

Poly(amidoamine)s: Past, present, and perspectives

“…The very mild preparation conditions combined with the wide‐ranging tuneability of optical and mechanical properties made these matrices a valuable alternative to conventional high‐ T g thermoplastic polymers . Moreover, it was found that a stable alignment of the second order covalently attached NLO‐phores could be obtained by a three steps procedure (swelling–poling–de‐swelling) performing the last two steps under poling conditions . This procedure appears widely applicable for producing composite polymeric materials with a rather stable second harmonic generation.…”

Polyamidoamines: Versatile Bioactive Polymers with Potential for Biotechnological Applications

“…Besides biomedicine and biotechnology, PAAs have been studied for potential applications in different technical fields, including heavy metal ion adsorbing resins for water purification [9][10][11][12][13] and as heterogeneous catalysts [14], highperformance nonlinear optical dyes [15,16], coating for sensing applications [17][18][19] and flame retardant agents for cotton textiles [20,21]. In this review, the potential of PAAs in biotechnology will be discussed.…”

Evidence for the applicability of a novel procedure (swelling–poling–deswelling) to produce a stable alignment of second order NLO-chromophores covalently attached to a cross-linked PMMA or polystyrene polymeric network

“…Recently, we have proposed a novel and simple procedure based upon a solvent-swollen crosslinked polymeric network (crosslinked prior submission to poling) carrying covalently attached NLO chromophores [25]. Under electrical poling, the matrix is deswelled to dryness without heating above the polymer Tg and without the need of crosslinking reactions under poling, obtaining a significant improvement of the stabilization of the alignment of the chromophores and therefore of the SHG.…”

“…Under electrical poling, the matrix is deswelled to dryness without heating above the polymer Tg and without the need of crosslinking reactions under poling, obtaining a significant improvement of the stabilization of the alignment of the chromophores and therefore of the SHG. This method was applied to polyamidoamine (PAA) networks carrying covalently attached Disperse Red 1 (DR1), [25] a well known NLO chromophore [26,27]. However when exposed to air-moisture, a loss of the SHG response was observed due to the swelling of the matrix by water attributed to the high hydrophilicity of PAA.…”

“…In the second it is inserted as side chain in the linear polymer and in the third one it is introduced covalently in the crosslinked polymeric matrix. In the last system the film is subjected to electrical poling after crosslinked polymerization; our technique [25] consists in three steps: (i) having the film swollen in a solvent such as DMF, (ii) alignment of the NLO chromophores under poling and (iii) fixing the NLO chromophores alignment during poling by evaporating the solvent under a N 2 flow at less than 60°C. For a better covalent insertion of DR1 into the side chain linear and crosslinked polymeric matrices, the functionalization of the DR1 by esterification with methacrylic and vinylbenzoic acids have been implemented.…”