A Threshold Dosage of Testosterone for Female‐to‐Male Sex Reversal in <i>Rana rugosa</i> Frogs

Oike, Akira; Kodama, Masaya; Nakamura, Yoriko; Nakamura, Masahisa

doi:10.1002/jez.2037

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Previously it has been shown that female-to-male sex-reversal is not induced when an ovary is treated with T at 0.02 ng/ml in rearing water of R . rugosa tadpoles [16]. However, in the present study, the average sizes of the Tg ZW gonads at 0.02 ng/ml of T became significantly smaller than those of the pTg ZW gonads (Fig 1, 1.6±0.9 vs 4.3±0.5 mm, P<0.01).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Participation of androgen and its receptor in sex determination of an amphibian species

et al. 2017

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IntroductionIn the Japanese frog Rana (R.) rugosa the androgen receptor (AR) gene on the W chromosome (W-AR) is barely expressed. Previously we showed that incomplete female-to-male sex-reversal occurred in Z-AR transgenic female frogs. To date, however, there is no report showing that AR with androgens can determine genetically programed male sex fate in any vertebrate species. Here, we examined whether AR together with androgens functions as a sex determinant in an amphibian species.MethodsTo examine whether complete female-to-male sex-reversal occurs in R. rugosa frogs, we produced AR-transgenic (Tg) and -knockdown (KD) female R. rugosa frogs by the I-SceI meganuclease-mediated gene trap and CRISPR/Cas9 system, respectively. AR-Tg and -KD tadpoles were reared in water containing testosterone (T) at 0 to 7.1 ng/ml. Frozen sections were prepared from the gonads of metamorphosed frogs and immunostained for laminin, Vasa, Pat1a, CYP17 and AR. We also employed PCR analysis to examine Dmrt1, Pat1a and CYP17 expression in the gonads of KD and placebo-KD female frogs.ResultsComplete female-to-male sex-reversal occurred in the AR-Tg ZW female frogs when a low dosage of T was supplied in the rearing water of tadpoles. However, no sex-reversal was observed in AR-KD ZW female frogs when the gonads were treated with dosages of T high enough to induce complete female-to-male sex-reversal even in wild type frogs.DiscussionThese results suggest that AR with its androgen ligand functions as a male sex-determinant in the ZW type R. rugosa frogs.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Participation of androgen and its receptor in sex determination of an amphibian species

et al. 2017

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“…All the animal experiments in this study were performed with respect to Fundamental Guidelines for Proper Conduct of Animal Experiments and Related Activities in Academic Research Institutions and the Prevention of Cruelty to Animal Act, and with official approval from the Committee of Animal Experimentation of Waseda University, as described previously (Oike, Kodama, Nakamura, & Nakamura, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of sex chromosomes in six groups of Rana rugosa frogs inferred from a sex‐linked DNA marker

et al. 2017

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Each vertebrate species, as a general rule, has either the XX/XY or ZZ/ZW chromosomes by which sex is determined. However, the Japanese Rana (R.) rugosa frog is an exception, possessing both sex-determining combinations within one species, varying with region of origin. We collected R. rugosa frogs from 104 sites around Japan and South Korea and determined the nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene. Based on the sequences, R. rugosa frogs were divided into four groups from Japan and one from South Korea. The ZZ/ZW type is reportedly derived from the XX/XY type, although recently a new ZZ/ZW type of R. rugosa was reported. However, it still remains unclear from where the sex chromosomes in the five groups of this species were derived. In this study, we successfully isolated a sex-linked DNA maker and used it to classify R. rugosa frogs into several groupings. From the DNA marker as well as from nucleotide analysis of the promoter region of the androgen receptor (AR) gene, we identified another female heterogametic group, designated, West-Central. The sex chromosomes in the West-Central originated from the West and Central groups. The results indicate that a sex-linked DNA marker is a verifiable tool to determine the origin of the sex chromosomes in R. rugosa frogs in which the sex-determining system has changed, during two independent events, from the male to female heterogamety.

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“…The expression level of dmrt1 is high in mature testis of black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegeli during sex-reverse process (48). Besides fish species, T-treated ovaries induce upregulated expression of dmrt1 in the ovotestis of Rana rugosa Frogs (49). Aoyama et al (50) revealed that dmrt1 was not transcribed at any time during ovarian development but was expressed in the female-to-male sex reversed gonad of amphibians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen-dmrt1positive feedback programs the rice field eel (Monopterus albus) sex transdifferentiation

Wen

Pan

et al. 2019

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17The rice field eel Monopterus albus is a hermaphroditic protogynous fish species that 18 undergoes sex reversal from female to male. However, the potential mechanisms 19 underlying the process of sex transformation are still unclear. We analyzed and 20 compared the gene sequence of M. albus dmrt1 5′ upstream region and its potential 21 transcription factor binding sites with other known species and examined the in vitro 22 34 Androgens are synthesized in large amounts during sex reversal, leading to the 35 promotion of dmrt1 transcription, and thus, gonadal somatic cells transdifferetiation. 36 Overall, androgen-dmrt1 positive feedback programs the M. albus sex reversal. 37 38 39 111 other one on the antisense strand (-903 bp ~ -917 bp) (Supplementary Table 2). 112Histological change 113 After 6 hours of tissue culture, cells began to migrate from the periphery of the 114 130 Ozols' region, aromatic regions and heme-binding region ( Supplementary Fig. 3). We 131 compared the amino acid sequence of M. albus 11β-h to that in other species and 132 found 77% identity with Dicentrarchus labrax, 76% identity with Micropogonias 133 undulatus and 75% identity with Parajulis poecilepterus and Odontesthes bonariensis. 134 The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the 11β-h of M. albus and Epinephelus 135 coioides, P. poecilepterus, D. labrax, M. undulatus, O. bonariensis, O. latipes and O. 136

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A Threshold Dosage of Testosterone for Female‐to‐Male Sex Reversal in Rana rugosa Frogs

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Participation of androgen and its receptor in sex determination of an amphibian species

Participation of androgen and its receptor in sex determination of an amphibian species

Origin of sex chromosomes in six groups of Rana rugosa frogs inferred from a sex‐linked DNA marker

Androgen-dmrt1positive feedback programs the rice field eel (Monopterus albus) sex transdifferentiation

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