A Ti₃C₂T_X/Pt–Pd based amperometric biosensor for sensitive cancer biomarker detection

Abstract

The detection of cancer biomarkers is of great significance for the early screening of cancer. Detecting the content of sarcosine in blood or urine has been considered to provide a basis for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, it still lacks simple, high‐precision and wide‐ranging sarcosine detection methods. In this work, a Ti3C2TX/Pt–Pd nanocomposite with high stability and excellent electrochemical performance has been synthesized by a facile one‐step alcohol reduction and then used on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with sarcosine oxidase (SOx) to form a sarcosine biosensor (GCE/Ti3C2TX/Pt–Pd/SOx). The prominent electrocatalytic activity and biocompatibility of Ti3C2TX/Pt–Pd enable the SOx to be highly active and sensitive to sarcosine. Under the optimized conditions, the prepared biosensor has a wide linear detection range to sarcosine from 1 to 1000 µM with a low limit of detection of 0.16 µM (S/N = 3) and a sensitivity of 84.1 µA/mM cm2. Besides, the reliable response in serum samples shows its potential in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. More importantly, the successful construction and application of the amperometric biosensor based on Ti3C2TX/Pt–Pd will provide a meaningful reference for detecting other cancer biomarkers.

A low-cost and high-performance 3D micromixer over a wide working range and its application for high-sensitivity biomarker detection

“…Sarcosine is known as a cancer biomarker for prostate cancer [71][72][73][74][75] and has been applied for early cancer detection through the electrochemical method. [76][77][78][79] The biomarker sarcosine was adopted for electrochemical detection by using the μEA sensor on the above-mentioned electrochemical detection platform.…”

Continuous production of bimetallic nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes based on 3D-printed microfluidics

“…Significantly, the GCE/MWCNTs/Pt–Pd have larger peak currents (oxidation and reduction peaks) than those of GCE and GCE/MWCNTs. According to the Randles–Sevcik equation, 12 the electroactive surface areas of GCE/MWCNTs/Pt–Pd and bare GCE can be calculated, and their values are 7.13 and 4.77 mm 2 , respectively. Therefore, the synthesized composite can significantly increase the electroactive surface area of the modified electrode.…”

“…5(b), implying that the reaction process on the surface of GCE/MWCNTs/Pt–Pd is a diffusion-controlled process. 12…”

“…5(b), implying that the reaction process on the surface of GCE/MWCNTs/Pt-Pd is a diffusion-controlled process. 12 Furthermore, CV experiments for GCE/MWCNTs and GCE/ MWCNTs/Pt-Pd in different H 2 O 2 solutions were also carried out and their CV curves are shown in Fig. 5(c) and (d), respectively.…”

“…5,7,[9][10][11] To further improve the catalytic activity of CNTs, bimetallic NPs were then adopted to functionalize CNTs due to their synergistic catalytic capacity and high specific surface area. 8,[12][13][14][15] CNTs functionalized with bimetallic NPs (e.g. Pt-Cu, Pt-Rh, Pt-Ni, Pt-Au, Pt-Ir and Pt-Pd NPs) demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic performance for superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, glucose and sarcosine.…”