A time-resolved measurement technique for particulate number density in diesel exhaust using a fast-response flame ionization detector

Sun, Jianfeng; Chan, Sabrina

doi:10.1088/0957-0233/8/3/010

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The fast FID (fFID) used to measure UHCs is known to exhibit a sensitivity to particulate matter emissions. When a particle enters the instrument, its adsorbed hydrocarbons (which will be much higher in concentration compared to the gas the particle is moving in) lead to a "spike" in the signal because of this high concentration [27].…”

Section: Figure 2: Cycle-to-cycle Imep Showing a Load Step Down At Test Pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Cycle-to-Cycle Hydrocarbon Emissions on Cyclic NO:NO2 Ratio From a HSDI Diesel Engine

Leach

Shankar

Davy

et al. 2021

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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Knowledge of the NO:NO2 ratio emitted from a diesel engine is particularly important for ensuring the highest performance of SCR NOx aftertreatment systems. As real driving emissions from vehicles increase in importance, the need to understand the NO:NO2 ratio emitted from a diesel engine during transient operation similarly increases. In this study, crank-angle resolved NO and NO2 measurements using fast response CLD (for NO) and a new fast LIF instrument (for NO2) have been taken from a single cylinder diesel engine at three different speed and load points including a point with and without EGR. In addition, crank-angle resolved unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) measurements have been taken simultaneously using a fast FID. A variation of the NO:NO2 ratio through the engine's exhaust stroke is also observed indicative of in-cylinder stratification of NO and NO2. A new link between the NO:NO2 ratio and the UHC emissions from an individual engine cycle is observed - the results show that where there are higher levels of UHC emissions in the first part of the exhaust stroke (blowdown), the proportion of NO2 emitted from that cycle is increased. This effect is observed and analysed across all test points and with and without EGR. The performance of the new fast LIF analyser has also been evaluated, in comparison with the previous state-of-the-art and standard "slow" emissions measurement apparatus showing a reduction in the noise of the measurement by an order of magnitude.

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Section: Figure 2: Cycle-to-cycle Imep Showing a Load Step Down At Test Pointmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Cycle-to-Cycle Hydrocarbon Emissions on Cyclic NO:NO2 Ratio From a HSDI Diesel Engine

Leach

Shankar

Davy

et al. 2021

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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“…The basic physical phenomenon that is exploited in a flame ionization detector is that ionization occurs when hydrogen atoms of high kinetic energy collide with other atomic or molecular species, which are then ionized [27]. The collision produces positive ions and electrons, which are moved towards the electrodes by the application of an electrical field, thus producing the ionization current.…”

Section: The Fast-response Fidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of particulate mass concentration using a tapered-element oscillating microbalance and a flame ionization detector

Chan

1999

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Measurement of particulate mass concentration in the exhaust of automotive engines by means of the filter sampling method prescribed by the USA's Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is tedious, costly, time consuming and labour intensive. This paper presents a new approach, which is capable of measuring real-time particulate mass emissions in the exhaust of a diesel engine by using a tapered-element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) and a fast-response flame ionization detector (FID). The measuring principle rests on the fact that, by operating the TEOM at 50 °C, water interference is minimized, albeit at the expense of reducing the hydrocarbon content condensed on the particles. This is corrected by a method that consists of a measurement of hydrocarbon gas concentration, used with an empirical correction factor to recover what the filter sampling method would produce. The time resolution for the measurement using this new method is limited by the sampling window of the TEOM which is 0.42 s, though the response of the FID offers a time resolution of milliseconds. Results show that the mass concentration of particulate matter measured by TEOM and FID is well correlated to that based on the conventional EPA filter sampling method. Keywords: particulate mass concentration, tapered-element oscillating microbalance, flame ionization detector, diesel exhaust particulate measurement, correlation to EPA (USA) standard

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Particulate matter mass measurements for low emitting diesel powered vehicles: what's next?

Vouitsis

Ntziachristos

Samaras

2003

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

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A time-resolved measurement technique for particulate number density in diesel exhaust using a fast-response flame ionization detector

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

The Influence of Cycle-to-Cycle Hydrocarbon Emissions on Cyclic NO:NO2 Ratio From a HSDI Diesel Engine

The Influence of Cycle-to-Cycle Hydrocarbon Emissions on Cyclic NO:NO2 Ratio From a HSDI Diesel Engine

Measurements of particulate mass concentration using a tapered-element oscillating microbalance and a flame ionization detector

Particulate matter mass measurements for low emitting diesel powered vehicles: what's next?

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