A Toll-Like Receptor 2-Responsive Lipid Effector Pathway Protects Mammals against Skin Infections with Gram-Positive Bacteria

Georgel, Philippe; Crozat, Karine; Lauth, Xavier; Makrantonaki, Evgenia; Seltmann, Holger; Sovath, Sosathya; Hoebe, Kasper; Du, Xin; Rutschmann, Sophie; Jiang, Zhengfan; Bigby, Timothy D.; Nizet, Victor; Zouboulis, Christos C.; Beutler, Bruce

doi:10.1128/iai.73.8.4512-4521.2005

Cited by 205 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

168

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…88 The expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 and CD14 has been already documented in SZ95 sebocytes. 91,92 Recent evidence has indicated that human sebaceous glands may contribute to the skin immune defense by releasing antimicrobial peptides (AMP). For example, human β-defensins (hBD) are expressed in human pilosebaceous units and their expression is upregulated in acne lesions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…89,94,95 A description of phylogenetically distinct P. acnes clusters has been already undertaken. 96 MUFA, mainly palmitic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1), both of which are bactericidal against gram-positive organisms, 91 are produced by the sebaceous gland, as is sapienic acid, an important antimicrobial lipid. Stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) 1, an enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of MUFA, is also expressed by the sebaceous gland.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This cytokine may be responsible for the cutaneous inflammation and the resulting keratinocyte acid desaturase-2 mRNA expression in SZ95 sebocytes. 91 Lauric acid (C12:0), one of the sebum free fatty acids (FFA) has strong antimicrobial activity in vitro against skin bacteria, including P. acnes. Topical application or intradermal injection of lauric acid in vivo shows remarkable therapeutic effectiveness against P. acnesinduced inflammation and significant reduction in the number of bacteria.…”

Section: Inflammation Sebaceous Gland Cells and Acnementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An update on the role of the sebaceous gland in the pathogenesis of acne

Makrantonaki

Gancevičienė²,

Zouboulis³

2011

Dermato-Endocrinology

Self Cite

235

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inflammation Sebaceous Gland Cells and Acnementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An update on the role of the sebaceous gland in the pathogenesis of acne

Makrantonaki

Gancevičienė²,

Zouboulis³

2011

Dermato-Endocrinology

Self Cite

235

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…A novel link between the hepatic xenobiotic response and lipogenesis was discovered by the observation that activation of the pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) increases Scd1 expression via a SREBP-1c-independent mechanism [29 • ,30]. Activation of the cellular immune response via toll-like receptor 2 also increases the transcription of Scd1, potentially via the numerous nuclear factor kB elements in the Scd1 promoter [31]. The binding of SREBP-1 to the SREBP response element of the Scd1 promoter is decreased by dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, partly due to repression of SREBP-1c maturation [21].…”

Section: Scd1: a Highly Regulated Gene But An Unstable Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase in regulating lipid metabolism

Flowers

Ntambi

2008

Current Opinion in Lipidology

382

312

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of review-Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 is a δ-9 fatty acid desaturase that catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids and has emerged as a key regulator of metabolism. This review evaluates the latest advances in our understanding of the pivotal role of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 in health and disease.Recent findings-scd1-deficient mice have reduced lipid synthesis and enhanced lipid oxidation, thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity in various tissues including liver, muscle and adipose tissue due to transcriptional and posttranscriptional effects. These metabolic changes protect scd1-deficient mice from a variety of dietary, pharmacological and genetic conditions that promote obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase 1 is required to guard against dietary unsaturated fat deficiency, leptin deficiency-induced diabetes, and palmitate-induced lipotoxic insults in muscle and pancreatic β-cells. Paradoxical observations of increased muscle stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 during obesity, starvation and exercise raise questions as to the role of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 in this tissue. Mice with a liverspecific loss of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1, and inhibition of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 via antisense or RNA interference, recapitulate only a subset of the phenotypes observed in global Scd1 deficiency, indicating the involvement of multiple tissues.Summary-Recent studies in humans and animal models have highlighted that modulation of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 activity by dietary intervention or genetic manipulation strongly influences several facets of energy metabolism to affect susceptibility to obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and hyperlipidemia.

show abstract

“…The most potent antibacterial fatty acid in mice is 9-hexadecenoic acid, and in humans, its isomer 6-hexadecenoic acid [29]. In humans and mice, these two 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acids block the growth of S. aureus in the skin [29][30][31]. It has been hypothesized that fatty acids act by destabilizing the lipid bilayers of the bacterial membrane and disrupting the membrane functions [32] due to a range of effects on cellular metabolism [33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Gc-ms Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro activity, extraction, separation and structure elucidation of antibiotic produced by Streptomyces anulatus NEAE-94 active against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

El‐Naggar

El-Bindary

Abdel-Mogib

et al. 2017

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the screening programme for antibiotic produced by actinomycetes, an antibiotic was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces anulatus NEAE-94. The ethyl acetate extract of S. anulatus NEAE-94 showed high biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus NRRL B-313, multidrug-resistant S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis NRRL B-543. Thin-layer chromatography of the ethyl acetate extract showed one yellowish orange spot with an Rf value of 0.83. The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was carried out using ultraviolet-visible mass spectrometry (MS), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. Characterization of the ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of 22 compounds, including an unsaturated fatty acid, saturated fatty acids, fatty acid esters, alkanes, alkenes and a triterpene. The antimicrobial efficacy of S. anulatus NEAE-94 might be due to the synergistic effects of the identified compounds.

show abstract

A Toll-Like Receptor 2-Responsive Lipid Effector Pathway Protects Mammals against Skin Infections with Gram-Positive Bacteria

Cited by 205 publications

References 28 publications

An update on the role of the sebaceous gland in the pathogenesis of acne

An update on the role of the sebaceous gland in the pathogenesis of acne

Role of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase in regulating lipid metabolism

In vitro activity, extraction, separation and structure elucidation of antibiotic produced by Streptomyces anulatus NEAE-94 active against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About