A transparent conductive oxide electrode with highly enhanced flexibility achieved by controlled crystallinity by incorporating Ag nanoparticles on substrates

Rapid production of large-area, transparent and stretchable electrodes using metal nanofibers as wirelessly operated wearable heaters

“…The slope of the best-fit straight line in Figure 3f represents the heating efficiency (that is, thermal resistance) of the heater. 9,39 The heater that had a lower R s value had a steeper slope, implying better heating efficiency. Therefore, the remarkably low R s value of the AgNF heater was advantageous in reducing its thermal resistance for the efficient transduction of electrical energy into heat with lower power consumption.…”

“…Although indium tin oxide (ITO) is a commonly used transparent and conductive material for these heaters because of its good optoelectronic properties (o~80 Ω per sq with a transmittance of 90% at 550 nm), 8 its brittleness under mechanical strain, such as bending or stretching, limits its potential application in stretchable and wearable electronic devices. 9 In addition, the low thermal conductivity of ITO can lead to slow heating and cooling rates. 10 Because of these disadvantages of ITO, the use of low-dimensional and stretchable conductive materials, such as graphene, [11][12][13] CNTs, 14,15 metal nanowires (mNWs) 7,[16][17][18] and serpentine patterns of metal films, 19,20 has been studied extensively in the search for stretchable heaters.…”

High-performance graphene-based flexible heater for wearable applications

“…3 Also, ITO has a slow thermal response, and worst of all, it is not suitable for exible applications because of its fragility. 4,5 For these reasons, a variety of materials have been studied as potential replacements for ITO. 6 Among them, a metal nanostructure is one of the prospective candidates.…”

Electronic properties of transparent nano-composite electrodes for application in flexible electronics

“…To overcome the drawbacks of homogeneous layer TCEs, researchers have developed a new generation of TCEs by combining two different materials to form nano-composite TCEs that contain the desired properties and address the limitations of the component materials [7,8].…”

“…Previously, we demonstrated the use of AgNPs as crystalline seed layers to produce crystalline ITO with textured microstructure oxide films that having significantly enhanced bending stability [7,8]. In addition to their role as crystalline seeds, Ag NWs were also shown to be conductive between cracks in the ITO during bending, which results in a very small increase in the electrical resistance in the NW and ITO nano-composite TCEs [9].…”