A Treatment Plant Receiving Waste Water from Multiple Bulk Drug Manufacturers Is a Reservoir for Highly Multi-Drug Resistant Integron-Bearing Bacteria

Marathe, Nachiket P.; Regina, Viduthalai R.; Walujkar, Sandeep A.; Charan, Shakti S.; Moore, Edward R. B.; Larsson, D. G. Joakim; Shouche, Yogesh S.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077310

Cited by 98 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…The bacterium Ochrobactrum intermedium CCUG 57381, investigated in this study, was isolated as a part of a larger study in which several strains were obtained from samples taken from within the WWTP operated by Patancheru EnviroTech Ltd. near Hyderabad, India (24). The WWTP serves approximately 90 industries, which are primarily bulk drug manufacturers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acquired Genetic Mechanisms of a Multiresistant Bacterium Isolated from a Treatment Plant Receiving Wastewater from Antibiotic Production

Johnning

Moore

Svensson-Stadler

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The external environment, particularly wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where environmental bacteria meet human commensals and pathogens in large numbers, has been highlighted as a potential breeding ground for antibiotic resistance. We have isolated the extensively drug-resistant Ochrobactrum intermedium CCUG 57381 from an Indian WWTP receiving industrial wastewater from pharmaceutical production contaminated with high levels of quinolones. Antibiotic susceptibility testing against 47 antibiotics showed that the strain was 4 to >500 times more resistant to sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, and the aminoglycoside streptomycin than the type strain O. intermedium LMG 3301 T . Whole-genome sequencing identified mutations in the Indian strain causing amino acid substitutions in the target enzymes of quinolones. We also characterized three acquired regions containing resistance genes to sulfonamides (sul1), tetracyclines [tet(G) and tetR], and chloramphenicol/ florfenicol (floR). Furthermore, the Indian strain harbored acquired mechanisms for horizontal gene transfer, including a type I mating pair-forming system (MPF I ), a MOB P relaxase, and insertion sequence transposons. Our results highlight that WWTPs serving antibiotic manufacturing may provide nearly ideal conditions for the recruitment of resistance genes into human commensal and pathogenic bacteria.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have isolated a large number of extensively drug-resistant bacteria from inside the Indian WWTP (24). In particular, the strain Ochrobactrum intermedium CCUG 57381, isolated from the equilibrator tank, was observed to be resistant to nearly all of the antibiotics screened.…”

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confidence: 99%

Acquired Genetic Mechanisms of a Multiresistant Bacterium Isolated from a Treatment Plant Receiving Wastewater from Antibiotic Production

Johnning

Moore

Svensson-Stadler

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Wild birds and other animals, such as vermin and rodents, (Dahms et al, 2015) could also disseminate resistant E. coli Laube et al, 2014). Similarly, humans could act as a direct or indirect source of transmission to poultry and the environment (Marathe et al, 2013). On the other hand, poultry meat contaminated with antimicrobial resistant bacteria and or ARGs can be transmitted to humans directly through the food chain (Radhouani et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many factors such as strict farm biosecurity will minimise the contact between wild bird and poultry inside the sheds, thus decreasing the transmission of strains. Humans may also act as a direct or indirect (via faeces, water, food) transmiss ion source (Marathe et al, 2013).…”

Section: Investigating the Prevalence Of Carriage Of Avian Pathogenicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Awawdeh¹,

Turni²,

Henning³

et al.

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, a localised or systemic infection resulting in clinical diseases such as colisepticemia, chronic respiratory disease and swollen-head syndrome. Globally, avian colibacillosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, and it has been associated with massive economic losses and welfare problems.This organism is of public health significance as APEC is communicable to humans. The diagnosis of avian colibacillosis relies on clinical signs, typical pathological lesions and culture of E. coli from affected tissue(s). Antimicrobial therapy is often used both for treatment and control. Previous overseas studies have characterised APEC and identified virulence genes (VGs) that can be used as molecular markers for the identification of APEC. Little is known about APEC in broiler chickens in Australia.The aim of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of APEC in Australian broiler flocks and how factors including presence of VGs and phylogenetic group can improve the identification of this pathotype in Australia. Firstly, three faecal DNA extraction methods were evaluated. Faeces were collected from healthy chickens and chickens with colibacillosis from commercial broiler farms in South East Queensland (SEQ). The extracted DNA was screened by a pentaplex-PCR for five APEC-associated VGs (iroN, iutA, iss, hlyF and ompT). DNA extracted from E. coli isolates cultured from the cloaca and organs of the birds were screened using the same PCR.Repeated bead beating plus column elution was the preferred DNA extraction method, as it yielded good PCR quality and adequate quantity DNA. However, identifying APEC by direct detection of the five VGs from the faecal material was not feasible as all of these genes were also detected in all of the birds. However, the VGs were more commonly detected in E. coli isolates cultured from birds with colibacillosis.A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate APEC farm-level prevalence in healthy broiler chickens in SEQ and to identify potential risk factors associated with the carriage of APEC. At the farm-level, all of the 40 farms sampled were positive for APEC, that is at least one bird per farm carried APEC, while the within-farm prevalence was 63% (95% Confidence Interval: 55.8, 70.2).Higher APEC within-farm bird-level prevalence was significantly associated with the usage of well water as a source of drinking water, failure to disinfect the water line after each flock, farm visitors not showering before entering the shed, distances greater than 20 metres between the car park and the poultry shed and the presence of wild birds within 50 metres of the shed. Chlorinating the drinking water combined with automatic water filtration reduced within-farm bird-level APEC prevalence. Page | 3Therefore, based on the results concluded from the multivariable model, improving biosecurity and water treatments might reduce APEC prevalence, decrease the risk of co...

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“…As we are aware, the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospital, industrial [8], as well as domestic wastewater [9] environment is not uncommon; nevertheless, increasing use of antimicrobial compounds leads to similar problem of resistance in bacteria from sewage and surface water, drinking water, etc. [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Assessment of Personal Care Products

Ramaswamy

2014

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Extensive usage and continuous release of personal care products (PCPs) lead to ubiquitous contamination of aquatic environment. As PCPs are mainly intended for external use on the human body, they are not subjected to metabolic alterations; therefore, large quantities enter the environment as such. Being biologically active and persistent, they are expected to pose a wide range of risks to aquatic habitat. Although studies on environmental concentration and toxicity endpoints are available for many PCPs, environmental risk assessment (ERA) was scantily reported. It was observed that most of the ERAs were based on hazard/risk quotient approach and not following three-tier approach due to lack of sufficient toxicological data (i.e., long-term toxicity at environmentally relevant (ppt-ppb) concentrations). From the ERA reports, it was understood that disinfectants, triclosan and triclocarban, cause high risk to aquatic organisms. In case of preservatives (parabens), the risk was low. Some fragrances (synthetic musks) and UV filters were also shown to be toxic in the aquatic habitat; however, majority of them are categorized as less risky. Other than the risk to macro forms, the antibacterial PCPs are likely to affect the community structure of nontarget (nonpathogenic) bacteria and may aid in developing (multidrug) resistance among pathogenic and nonpathogenic species. Therefore, for better risk assessment, environmentally relevant studies on nontarget organisms are to be given due importance, and it may include interactions of chemical mixture, degradation products, and bioavailability criterion as well.

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A Treatment Plant Receiving Waste Water from Multiple Bulk Drug Manufacturers Is a Reservoir for Highly Multi-Drug Resistant Integron-Bearing Bacteria

Cited by 98 publications

References 58 publications

Acquired Genetic Mechanisms of a Multiresistant Bacterium Isolated from a Treatment Plant Receiving Wastewater from Antibiotic Production

Acquired Genetic Mechanisms of a Multiresistant Bacterium Isolated from a Treatment Plant Receiving Wastewater from Antibiotic Production

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Environmental Risk Assessment of Personal Care Products

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