A Triazole‐Based Covalent Gel Loaded with Cu/Pd Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Efficient Catalytic Cross‐Coupling Reactions

Abstract

Metal nanoparticles immobilized in the confined space are a catalogue of efficient and widely used catalysts. Herein we develop a gel‐based bimetallic nanoparticle catalytic system with different ratios of Pd/Cu NPs by wet impregnation and reduction using a stable covalent gel (triazole‐A1B1) as a porous support. Triazole‐A1B1 gel is synthesized from 1,4‐diazidobenzene (A1) and tetrakis(4‐ethynylphenyl)methane (B1) via Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne clcloaddition. The bimetallic Pd/Cu metal nanoparticles are highly dispersed and uniformly distributed with an average particle size distribution of 2.06–3.29 nm. Cu/Pd@A1B1 shows high catalytic efficiency in catalyzing Sonogashira‐Hagihara and Mizoroki‐Heck coupling reactions. The introduction of oxygenophilic Cu effectively improves the catalytic activity of the system. In addition, Cu1Pd2@A1B1 shows good reusability. Especially, it can be reused five times and maintains high catalytic activity without significant deactivation in Mizoroki‐Heck coupling reaction.

Structural Characterization, DFT Analysis and Catalysis by Highly Active Cationic Fe(II)‐Cu(I) Complexes in the Green Synthesis of Triazoles in Water

“…Since first report of Copper(I)‐catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) by Meldal and Sharpless in 2002, variety of copper(I) complexes have been introduced [38,39] . Bimetallic complexes have been reported as excellent homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts in the azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions [40–47] . However, a quick literature survey about Cu(I) complexes reported so far reveals that well defined heteroleptic complexes of Fe(II)‐Cu(I) in an S2P2 environment are rare.…”