“…Noticeably, the calculated t Li + value in the cell with Co 4 S 3 /C@CC is 0.86 (Fig. 3c), much higher than that in the cells with Celgard (0.68), CC (0.80), and Co/C@CC (0.69), which suggests that the Li + cations dominate the ionic conduction in the electrolyte whereas the anion migration is significantly suppressed [19]. This may be related to the following two aspects: the crossed conductive matrix of CC and carbon nanosheets provides continuous channels for the Li + migration through the Celgard membrane [18]; the Co 4 S 3 nanoparticles may promote the dissociation of Li + cations due to their strong Li + affinity [19].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…Besides, to our knowledge, there are no prospective studies on the application of Co 4 S 3 -embedded carbon materials in Li-S batteries. The long-range interconnected architecture of CC and MOF-derived N-doped carbon nanoarrays can physically shield the polysulfide shuttle and shorten the Li + migration distance [17,18], while the polar Co 4 S 3 nanoparticles can provide CC with a strong Li + affinity and meanwhile regulate the conversion kinetics and flower-like deposition of polysulfides [19,20]. Thus, the Li-S cell with Co 4 S 3 /C@CC exhibits a mitigated self-discharge behavior, a high specific capacity, an excellent rate capability, and a stable cycling performance.…”
“…Noticeably, the calculated t Li + value in the cell with Co 4 S 3 /C@CC is 0.86 (Fig. 3c), much higher than that in the cells with Celgard (0.68), CC (0.80), and Co/C@CC (0.69), which suggests that the Li + cations dominate the ionic conduction in the electrolyte whereas the anion migration is significantly suppressed [19]. This may be related to the following two aspects: the crossed conductive matrix of CC and carbon nanosheets provides continuous channels for the Li + migration through the Celgard membrane [18]; the Co 4 S 3 nanoparticles may promote the dissociation of Li + cations due to their strong Li + affinity [19].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…Besides, to our knowledge, there are no prospective studies on the application of Co 4 S 3 -embedded carbon materials in Li-S batteries. The long-range interconnected architecture of CC and MOF-derived N-doped carbon nanoarrays can physically shield the polysulfide shuttle and shorten the Li + migration distance [17,18], while the polar Co 4 S 3 nanoparticles can provide CC with a strong Li + affinity and meanwhile regulate the conversion kinetics and flower-like deposition of polysulfides [19,20]. Thus, the Li-S cell with Co 4 S 3 /C@CC exhibits a mitigated self-discharge behavior, a high specific capacity, an excellent rate capability, and a stable cycling performance.…”
“…The deconvoluted O1s XPS spectrum exhibits three peaks at 530.3 eV, 531.5 eV, and 533.8 eV, indicating the presence of Fe-O, O=C, and O-C, respectively ( Figure 3 E). ( Li et al., 2021 ) Figure 3 F shows the mass fraction of each component calculated according to the XPS data. Fe 3 O 4 is always the dominant component of the CFFF hybrids, along with small amount of FeO and C. Figure 3 XPS spectra of the CFFF hybrids (A and E)(A) XPS spectrum, (B) Fe 2p, (C) Fe 2p, (D) C1s and (E) O1s high-resolution spectrum.…”
Summary
The Ni-Fe battery is a promising alternative to lithium ion batteries due to its long life, high reliability, and eco-friendly characteristics. However, passivation and self-discharge of the iron anode are the two main issues. Here, we demonstrate that controlling the valence state of the iron and coupling with carbon can solve these problems. We develop a mesostructured carbon/Fe/FeO/Fe
3
O
4
hybrid by a one-step solid-state reaction. Experimental evidence reveals that the optimized system with three valence states of iron facilitates the redox kinetics, while the carbon layers can effectively enhance the charge transfer and suppress self-discharge. The hybrid anode exhibits high specific capacity of 604 mAh⋅g
−1
at 1 A⋅g
−1
and high cyclic stability. A Ni-Fe button battery is fabricated using the hybrid anode exhibits specific device energy of 127 Wh⋅kg
−1
at a power density of 0.58 kW⋅kg
−1
and maintains good capacity retention (90%) and coulombic efficiency (98.5%).
“…The systematic coating of Si nanoparticles and polyacrylic acid (PAA) over the separator surface yields a stable, highly conductive passivation layer comprising Li-Si alloy and LiPAA [356]. Various functional modifications and catalyst additions to the separator reinforce the stability of the separator-electrolyte species interface, contributing to higher efficiency and reduced dendrite evolution [357,358]. The self-healing approach intrinsically modulates the protective layers to repair itself, owing to the material's significant endurance.…”
Metal-ion batteries are capable of delivering high energy density with a longer lifespan. However, they are subject to several issues limiting their utilization. One critical impediment is the budding and extension of solid protuberances on the anodic surface, which hinders the cell functionalities. These protuberances expand continuously during the cyclic processes, extending through the separator sheath and leading to electrical shorting. The progression of a protrusion relies on a number of in situ and ex situ factors that can be evaluated theoretically through modeling or via laboratory experimentation. However, it is essential to identify the dynamics and mechanism of protrusion outgrowth. This review article explores recent advances in alleviating metal dendrites in battery systems, specifically alkali metals. In detail, we address the challenges associated with battery breakdown, including the underlying mechanism of dendrite generation and swelling. We discuss the feasible solutions to mitigate the dendrites, as well as their pros and cons, highlighting future research directions. It is of great importance to analyze dendrite suppression within a pragmatic framework with synergy in order to discover a unique solution to ensure the viability of present (Li) and future-generation batteries (Na and K) for commercial use.
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